The Relationship Between Diet and the Incidence of Anemia in Adolescent Girls at Sman 1 Sungai Raya Islands of Bengkayang Regency in 2026
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Anemia remains a significant public health concern among adolescent girls, as rapid growth, menstrual blood loss, and inadequate dietary intake may increase the risk of iron deficiency and anemia. This study examined the association between dietary patterns and anemia among tenth-grade female students at SMAN 1 Sungai Raya Kepulauan, Bengkayang Regency, Indonesia, in 2026. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Of the 97 students in the study population, 71 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Dietary patterns were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while hemoglobin concentrations were measured using a digital hemoglobinometer. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test with a significance level of ? = 0.05. Among the 71 respondents, 37 (52.1%) were classified as having inappropriate dietary patterns, while 11 (15.5%) were identified as having anemia. Cross-tabulation revealed that anemia occurred in 1 of 37 respondents (2.7%) with inappropriate dietary patterns and 10 of 34 respondents (29.4%) with appropriate dietary patterns. A statistically significant association was observed between dietary pattern classification and anemia status (Pearson's ?² = 9.654; df = 1; p = 0.002). However, the unexpectedly higher prevalence of anemia among respondents classified as having appropriate dietary patterns highlighted the need for cautious interpretation, particularly regarding the dietary assessment criteria and potential confounding factors. Given the cross-sectional design, the findings did not establish a causal relationship between dietary patterns and anemia. The study underscored the importance of strengthening adolescent nutrition education, conducting routine hemoglobin screening, and undertaking further research using comprehensive dietary assessments to clarify the relationship between dietary intake and anemia risk among adolescent girls.
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