Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Variasi Gambaran Foto Toraks pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru Dewasa di RSU Royal Prima Medan
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Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi beban kesehatan yang besar di Indonesia, termasuk Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dan foto toraks berperan sebagai pemeriksaan penunjang penting bersama pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dalam menilai keterlibatan paru, meskipun gambaran radiologis TB bersifat tidak spesifik dan bervariasi antarpasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik pasien TB paru dewasa dan distribusi temuan foto toraks, serta menganalisis hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat merokok, status pernikahan, dan komorbid dengan variasi gambaran foto toraks (infiltrat, kavitas, efusi pleura, dan fibrosis) di RSU Royal Prima Medan. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) retrospektif ini menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis dan laporan foto toraks pasien TB paru tahun 2025, dengan total sampling menghasilkan 120 pasien berusia ?20 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square atau uji eksak Fisher, dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Mayoritas pasien berusia 20-59 tahun (77,5%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (92,5%), memiliki riwayat merokok (78,3%), berstatus menikah (74,2%), dan 43,3% memiliki komorbid. Infiltrat merupakan temuan paling dominan (86,7%), diikuti kavitas (36,7%), fibrosis (35,0%), dan efusi pleura (32,5%). Umur berhubungan bermakna dengan kavitas (p=0,026) dan fibrosis (p=0,040); jenis kelamin dengan infiltrat (p=0,037) dan kavitas (p=0,004); riwayat merokok dengan kavitas (p<0,001), efusi pleura (p=0,003), dan fibrosis (p=0,010); status pernikahan hanya dengan fibrosis (p=0,002); serta komorbid dengan infiltrat (p=0,002), efusi pleura (p<0,001), dan fibrosis (p<0,001). Variasi gambaran foto toraks pada pasien TB paru dewasa berhubungan secara berbeda-beda dengan karakteristik pasien, sehingga interpretasi radiologis perlu mempertimbangkan faktor demografis, riwayat merokok, status pernikahan, dan komorbid secara bersamaan, dengan penelitian multisenter berskala lebih besar menggunakan analisis multivariat direkomendasikan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
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