Profil Spesiasi Arsen pada Nori Komersial yang Beredar di Indonesia Menggunakan Teknik IC-ICP-MS untuk Mendukung Pengawasan Keamanan Pangan
Downloads
Nori merupakan produk pangan berbasis rumput laut yang semakin banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia dan berpotensi mengakumulasi kontaminan dari lingkungan, termasuk arsen. Risiko kesehatan akibat paparan arsen sangat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk kimianya, sehingga analisis berdasarkan spesiasi lebih relevan untuk mendukung penilaian keamanan pangan dibandingkan analisis arsen total. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi spesiasi arsen pada produk nori komersial yang beredar di Indonesia menggunakan teknik Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) serta memberikan gambaran awal keberadaan spesies arsen yang dianalisis sebagai informasi pendukung pengawasan keamanan pangan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif-observasional terhadap enam sampel nori dari produsen dan lokasi produksi yang berbeda, termasuk produk lokal dan impor. Analisis menggunakan metode 19/PA/MA-PPPOMN/23 dengan preparasi sampel menggunakan larutan asam nitrat dan hidrogen peroksida, dilanjutkan pemisahan spesies menggunakan kromatografi ion dan deteksi ICP-MS. Hasil verifikasi metode menunjukkan presisi, linearitas, dan akurasi memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan. RSD As(V) dan MMA masing-masing sebesar 1,8426% dan 5,3283%, koefisien korelasi 0,9948 dan 0,9999, serta recovery 102,30% dan 100,94%. LOD dan LOQ As(V) masing-masing sebesar 0,0028 µg/g dan 0,0094 µg/g, sedangkan MMA sebesar 0,0096 µg/g dan 0,0320 µg/g. Pengujian terhadap enam sampel menunjukkan MMA dan As(V) tidak terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi kedua spesies berada di bawah kemampuan deteksi atau pelaporan metode pada kondisi pengujian. Temuan ini tidak dapat diartikan sebagai tidak adanya seluruh arsen anorganik karena spesies arsen anorganik lainnya belum seluruhnya dianalisis. IC-ICP-MS dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan analitik untuk mendukung pengembangan data pengawasan keamanan pangan pada produk berbasis rumput laut.
Almela, C., Clemente, M. J., Vélez, D., & Montoro, R. (2006). Total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, lead and cadmium contents in edible seaweed sold in Spain. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1901–1908.
Blouin, N. A., Brodie, J. A., Grossman, A. C., Xu, P., & Bhattacharya, D. (2011). Porphyra: a marine crop shaped by stress. Trends in Plant Science.
Camurati, J. R., Londonio, A., Smichowski, P., & Salomone, V. N. (2021). On-line speciation analysis of arsenic compounds in commercial edible seaweed by HPLC–UV-thermo-oxidation-HG-AFS. Food Chemistry, 357, 129725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129725
da Silva Junior, E. C., Babaahmadifooladi, M., Folens, K., dos Reis, A. R., Guilherme, L. R. G., Van de Wiele, T., Jacxsens, L., & Du Laing, G. (2023). Content, speciation and in vitro bioaccessibility of trace elements in seaweeds and derived food products. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 118, 105162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105162
Francesconi, K. A., & Kuehnelt, D. (2002). Arsenic compounds in the marine environment. Environmental Science & Technology.
Fu, Y., Yin, N., Cai, X., Du, H., Wang, P., Sultana, M. S., Sun, G., & Cui, Y. (2021). Arsenic speciation and bioaccessibility in raw and cooked seafood: Influence of seafood species and gut microbiota. Environmental Pollution, 280, 116958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116958
Guo, Y., Lundebye, A.-K., Li, N., Ergon, Å., Pang, S., Jiang, Y., Zhu, W., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Yao, L., Wang, L., & Aakre, I. (2023). Comparative assessment of food safety regulations and standards for arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury and iodine in macroalgae used as food and feed in China and Europe. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 141, 104204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104204
Hellweger, F. L., & Lall, U. (2004). Modeling the effect of algal dynamics on arsenic speciation in Lake Biwa. Environmental Science & Technology.
Huang, Z., Bi, R., Musil, S., Pétursdóttir, Á. H., Cheng, B., Zhao, P., Tan, X., & Jia, Y. (2022). Arsenic species and their health risks in edible seaweeds collected along the Chinese coastline. Science of the Total Environment, 847, 157429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157429
Ichikawa, S., Kamoshida, M., Hanaoka, K., Hamano, M., Maitani, T., & Kaise, T. (2006). Decrease of arsenic in edible brown algae Hijikia fusiforme by the cooking process.
Indonesia–PPPOMN, B. P. O. dan M. R. (n.d.). Metode 19/PA/MA-PPPOMN/23 untuk penetapan spesiasi arsen menggunakan teknik Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS).
Laparra, J. M., Vélez, D., Barberá, R., Farré, R., & Montoro, R. (2003). Estimation of arsenic bioaccessibility in edible seaweed by an in vitro digestion method. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034537i
Lin, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, X., Chen, S., Wu, Y., & Fu, F. (2020). A universal method for the speciation analysis of arsenic in various seafood based on microwave-assisted extraction and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchemical Journal, 159, 105592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105592
Mac Monagail, M., & Morrison, L. (2019). Arsenic speciation in a variety of seaweeds and associated food products. In Arsenic Speciation in Algae (Vol. 85, pp. 267–310). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2019.03.005
Peng, Z., He, Y., Guo, Z., Wu, Q., Li, S., Zhu, Z., Grimi, N., & Xiao, J. (2023). Species-specific arsenic species and health risk assessment in seaweeds from tropic coasts of South China Sea. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 267, 115634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115634
Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 9 Tahun 2022 Tentang Persyaratan Cemaran Logam Berat Dalam Pangan Olahan (2022).
Registry, A. for T. S. and D. (2007). Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Rose, M., Lewis, J., Langford, N., Baxter, M., Origgi, S., Barber, M., MacBain, H., & Thomas, K. (2007). Arsenic in seaweed—Forms, concentration and dietary exposure. Food and Chemical Toxicology.
Taylor, V. F., & Jackson, B. P. (2016). Concentrations and speciation of arsenic in New England seaweed species harvested for food and agriculture. Chemosphere, 163, 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.004
Yu, Y., Morales-Rodriguez, A., Zhou, G., Barrón, D., Sahuquillo, À., & López-Sánchez, J. F. (2024). Survey of arsenic content in edible seaweeds and their health risk assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 187, 114603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114603
Copyright (c) 2026 Purnaning Purnaning, Agustina Wulandari, Diah Suwanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
