Enterprise Architecture Planning for ICU Nursing Information Systems: Integrating Trauma Assessment and SBAR into Service and Data Landscapes
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Healthcare information systems in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are often developed by digitizing clinical documentation without sufficiently modeling the relationships among business services, data, and application components within an enterprise architecture. In addition, existing enterprise architecture studies in healthcare are frequently derived from organization-specific workflows, which may limit their adaptability across different healthcare institutions. This study develops a service landscape for ICU nursing information systems using the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) approach and the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) up to Phase C. A qualitative case study was conducted through observation, interviews, shadowing, document analysis, and comparative analysis of enterprise architecture studies in healthcare. Business services were abstracted from comparable ICU nursing workflows, while Trauma Assessment and SBAR were used to identify information requirements and formulate the conceptual data structure. The proposed architecture comprises Business Architecture, Data Architecture, Application Architecture, and an Application Landscape that establishes traceability among business services, data entities, and application modules. The architecture was validated using the TOGAF Architecture Capability Maturity Model (ACMM), resulting in an average score of 4.03, which corresponds to Level 4 – Managed. This result indicates that the proposed blueprint is well structured, traceable, and suitable as a reference for developing ICU nursing information systems. The findings suggest that integrating business service abstraction, clinical assessment standards, and comparative enterprise architecture analysis can produce a more conceptual and adaptable architecture than approaches based solely on a single organizational case.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ramandhita Aulia Wardany, Faiza Renaldi, Irma Santikarama
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