Analisa Kinerja Termodinamika dan Emisi Gas Turbine pada PLTGU Keramasan Dengan Co-Firing Amonia dan Gas Alam
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Penerapan bahan bakar rendah karbon pada pembangkit listrik menjadi salah satu strategi penting dalam mendukung target Net Zero Emission (NZE) Indonesia tahun 2060. Amonia (NH?) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan bakar transisi karena tidak mengandung karbon, namun penggunaannya pada turbin gas dapat memengaruhi kinerja termodinamika dan meningkatkan emisi nitrogen oksida (NO?). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh co-firing amonia dan gas alam terhadap kinerja termodinamika serta emisi gas buang pada Gas Turbine Hitachi H-25 di PLTGU Keramasan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi numerik berbasis kondisi operasi aktual pembangkit. Model termodinamika dikembangkan menggunakan Cycle-Tempo v5.1, analisis emisi CO? menggunakan LEAP, dan analisis pembentukan NO? menggunakan Cantera. Simulasi dilakukan pada variasi co-firing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% NH? berbasis Lower Heating Value (LHV). Hasil validasi menunjukkan model memiliki error daya listrik 0,24%, efisiensi termal 3,54%, laju aliran bahan bakar 3,41%, dan laju aliran gas buang 2,07%. Pada skenario 20% NH?, daya listrik meningkat sebesar 1,45%, namun konsumsi bahan bakar meningkat 11,97%, kebutuhan energi primer meningkat 7,29%, efisiensi termal menurun dari 33,59% menjadi 31,31%, dan NPHR meningkat 7,32%. Emisi CO? spesifik menurun dari 643,8 menjadi 586,8 kg/MWh (8,9%), sedangkan reduksi emisi CO? tahunan mencapai 21,79%. Emisi NO? meningkat dari 25 ppm menjadi 57,5 ppm dan NH? slip mencapai 247 ppm pada skenario 20% NH?. Penerapan SCR dan ASC mampu menurunkan NO? dan NH? slip masing-masing sekitar 96,8% dan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, co-firing 10–15% NH? merupakan kondisi operasi optimum karena memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara penurunan emisi karbon dan kinerja pembangkit.
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