Geopolitik Asia Tenggara dan Posisi Strategis Indonesia: Analisis Kompetisi Amerika Serikat–Tiongkok dalam Perspektif Realisme Struktural
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Artikel ini mengkaji dinamika geopolitik Asia Tenggara dengan berfokus pada posisi strategis Indonesia di tengah persaingan antara Amerika Serikat dan China. Asia Tenggara menempati peran penting dalam politik global karena fungsinya sebagai rute perdagangan internasional utama dan sebagai arena utama persaingan kekuatan besar. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif melalui tinjauan literatur dan menerapkan realisme struktural sebagai kerangka teoritis utama untuk menganalisis distribusi kekuasaan dan strategi negara dalam sistem internasional yang anarkis. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa persaingan AS-Tiongkok meluas di seluruh domain militer, ekonomi, teknologi, dan diplomatik, yang secara signifikan membentuk stabilitas regional. Sebagai kekuatan menengah, Indonesia mengadopsi strategi lindung nilai seperti yang dikonseptualisasikan oleh Kuik Cheng-Chwee, yang memungkinkannya untuk mempertahankan keterlibatan simultan dengan kedua kekuatan besar sambil menghindari penyelarasan eksklusif. Strategi ini dilengkapi dengan diplomasi multilateral dan upaya penguatan kapabilitas dalam negeri, sejalan dengan kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia yang bebas dan aktif. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa realisme struktural memberikan lensa analitis yang efektif untuk menjelaskan perilaku strategis Indonesia dalam menavigasi sistem internasional yang semakin bipolar sambil mengelola kerentanan terhadap ketahanan nasional.
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