Studi Pengaruh Properti Termal Material Dinding dan Infiltrasi Udara terhadap Potensi Penghematan Energi dan Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Susun
Main Article Content
Beban pendinginan berkontribusi pada 40 – 70 % konsumsi energi bangunan. Pertumbuhan penduduk urban dan meningkatnya penggunaan ac menjadi tantangan untuk rumah susun dalam melakukan penghematan energi dan menghadirkan kenyamanan termal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh modifikasi properti termal material dinding (konduktivitas termal, densitas, kalor jenis) dan infiltrasi udara terhadap indeks konsumsi energi serta kenyamanan termal (operative temperature) pada unit rumah susun hasil generalisasi survey skala besar. Metode simulasi dengan perangkat energyplus dilakukan pada model validasi baseline (IKE 53 kWh/m²/tahun tanpa AC, yang kemudian naik menjadi 158,80 kWh/m²/tahun dengan AC), untuk selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi pada properti material dan perubahan ACH dari 1,9 menjadi 1,0 dan 0,4. Hasil menunjukkan material isolasi tinggi (PIR, EPS) dan ACH rendah (0,4) dapat menghemat energi hingga mencapai 29,17%, meski amplitudo OT meningkat pada material dengan konduktivitas termal rendah. Di sisi lain, massa termal tinggi memberikan stabilitas suhu namun kurang efisien menghemat energi. Kombinasi isolasi dinding selubung kamar tidur dengan infiltrasi ketat menjadi strategi yang optimal dalam memberikan efisiensi energi dan kenyamanan sesuai standar ASHRAE 55 di rumah susun dengan AC yang terletak di iklim panas-lembap Jakarta.
Keywords:
Properti termal dinding, Infiltrasi udara, Penghematan energi, Kenyamanan termal, Rumah susun
Al-Sanea, S. A., Zedan, M. F., & Al-Hussain, S. N. (2012). Effect of thermal mass on performance of insulated building walls and the concept of energy savings potential. Applied Energy, 89(1), 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.009
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. https://sensus.bps.go.id/main/index/sp2020
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://silastik.bps.go.id/v3/index.php/mikrodata/detail/QURtKzVva1pRd09XNnBQeHpHNWs3QT09
Balaras, C. A. (1996). The role of thermal mass on the cooling load of buildings. An overview of computational methods. Energy and Buildings, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(95)00956-6
Calixto-Aguirre, I., Huelsz, G., Barrios, G., & Cruz-Salas, M. V. (2021). Validation of thermal simulations of a non-air-conditioned office building in different seasonal, occupancy and ventilation conditions. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 102922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102922
Casini, M. (2022). Building performance simulation tools. Dalam Construction 4.0 (hlm. 221–262). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821797-9.00004-0
Chen, X., Yang, H., & Lu, L. (2015). A comprehensive review on passive design approaches in green building rating tools. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 1425–1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.003
CLASP & IPSOS. (2019). Indonesia Residential End Use Survey (hlm. 78). CLASP. https://www.clasp.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Indonesia-Residential-End-Use-Survey.pdf
Elaouzy, Y., & El Fadar, A. (2022). Energy, economic and environmental benefits of integrating passive design strategies into buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167, 112828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112828
Gupta, J., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). Energy efficiency in buildings. Dalam Sustainable Fuel Technologies Handbook (hlm. 457–480). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822989-7.00016-0
Hu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, G., Zhang, G., & Ai, Z. (2023). Air infiltration and related building energy consumption: A case study of office buildings in Changsha, China. Journal of Building Engineering, 74, 106859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106859
Hu, R., Liu, G., & Niu, J. (2020). The Impacts of a Building’s Thermal Mass on the Cooling Load of a Radiant System under Various Typical Climates. Energies, 13(6), 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061356
Johra, H. (2021). Thermal properties of building materials—Review and database. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University. https://doi.org/10.54337/aau456230861
Khorram, M., Faria, P., Abrishambaf, O., & Vale, Z. (2020). Key performance indicators regarding user comfort for building energy consumption management. Energy Reports, 6, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.12.018
Manda Firmansyah. (2026). Bagai Pedang Bermata Dua, Permintaan AC Naik Meski Perburuk Krisis Iklim. Lestari. https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2026/03/02/160248186/bagai-pedang-bermata-dua-permintaan-ac-naik-meski-perburuk-krisis-iklim
Ng, L. C., Dols, W. S., & Emmerich, S. J. (2021). Evaluating potential benefits of air barriers in commercial buildings using NIST infiltration correlations in EnergyPlus. Building and Environment, 196, 107783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107783
Ng, L. C., Persily, A. K., & Emmerich, S. J. (2014). Consideration of Envelope Airtightness in Modelling Commercial Building Energy Consumption. International Journal of Ventilation, 12(4), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2014.11684030
Nurjannah, A., Sindu Suryo, M., Ahmad Bahtiar, T., Sujatmiko, W., & Hadi, M. (2019). Potential of Energy Saving through Modification of Low Energy Housing Models. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i21.4957
Nysa Dwianditha. (2014). PENGARUH PERPINDAHAN PENGHUNI NON RUMAH SUSUN KE RUMAH SUSUN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL KONOMI PENGHUNI DI RUMAH SUSUN SARIJADI KOTA BANDUNG. Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://repository.ugm.ac.id/131145/
Olesen, B. W., Wang, H., & Kazanci, O. B. (2019). The Effect Of Room Temperature Control By Air- Or Operative Temperature On Thermal Comfort And Energy Use. 2086–2093. https://doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2019.211423
Raafat, R., Goubran, S., Makhlouf, N. N., & Aboulnaga, M. (2025). Asymmetries in global building envelope air infiltration and tightness data: Exploring knowledge gaps for accurate energy analyses. Indoor Environments, 2(1), 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100071
Rahmawati, D., Prasetyo, D., Setiawan, H., Alfita, R., Minggu, D., & Saputra, A. R. (2024). Audit Energi Listrik Dalam Upaya Penghematan Dan Efisiensi Energi Pada Gedung Fakultas Teknik Di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Informatics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Infotron), 4(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.33474/infotron.v4i2.22920
Reilly, A., & Kinnane, O. (2017). The impact of thermal mass on building energy consumption. Applied Energy, 198, 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.024
Santamouris, M., & Asimakopoulos, D. (Ed.). (2013). Passive cooling of buildings (Online-Ausg). Earthscan from Routledge.
Setia Dewi Prihapsari, Nida Ashma Adilah, & Ariyani Yaman. (2022). Informasi Statistik Infrastruktur PUPR 2022. Kementerian PUPR.
Sharaf, F. (2020). The impact of thermal mass on building energy consumption: A case study in Al Mafraq city in Jordan. Cogent Engineering, 7(1), 1804092. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1804092
Simon B Pallin, Tyler Pilet, & Renata Starostka. (2019). Variables Influenced by Thermal Mass and its Impact on Energy Performance in Buildings.
Surahman, U., Hartono, D., Setyowati, E., & Jurizat, A. (2022). Investigation on household energy consumption of urban residential buildings in major cities of Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. Energy and Buildings, 261, 111956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111956
U.S. Department of Energy. (2020, Maret). EnergyPlusTM Version 9.5.0 Documentation. U.S. Department of Energy.
World Bank. (2024). GDP per capita (current US$)—Indonesia. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=ID
Yafi, A. H., Bagaskara, A., Sisdwinugraha, A. P., Anindita Hapsari, Farid Wijaya, Faris Adnan Padhilah, Fathin Sabbiha Wismadi, & His Muhammad Bintang. (2023). Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2024. Institute for Essential Services Reform. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Indonesia-Energy-Transition-Outlook-2024-1.pdf
Yao, R., Costanzo, V., Li, X., Zhang, Q., & Li, B. (2018). The effect of passive measures on thermal comfort and energy conservation. A case study of the hot summer and cold winter climate in the Yangtze River region. Journal of Building Engineering, 15, 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.11.012
Zheng, S., Song, X., Duanmu, L., Xue, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, X. (2024). Research on the air-infiltration rate shelter coefficient of building complexes based on building parameter clustering. Journal of Building Engineering, 91, 109615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109615
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. https://sensus.bps.go.id/main/index/sp2020
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://silastik.bps.go.id/v3/index.php/mikrodata/detail/QURtKzVva1pRd09XNnBQeHpHNWs3QT09
Balaras, C. A. (1996). The role of thermal mass on the cooling load of buildings. An overview of computational methods. Energy and Buildings, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(95)00956-6
Calixto-Aguirre, I., Huelsz, G., Barrios, G., & Cruz-Salas, M. V. (2021). Validation of thermal simulations of a non-air-conditioned office building in different seasonal, occupancy and ventilation conditions. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 102922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102922
Casini, M. (2022). Building performance simulation tools. Dalam Construction 4.0 (hlm. 221–262). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821797-9.00004-0
Chen, X., Yang, H., & Lu, L. (2015). A comprehensive review on passive design approaches in green building rating tools. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 1425–1436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.003
CLASP & IPSOS. (2019). Indonesia Residential End Use Survey (hlm. 78). CLASP. https://www.clasp.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Indonesia-Residential-End-Use-Survey.pdf
Elaouzy, Y., & El Fadar, A. (2022). Energy, economic and environmental benefits of integrating passive design strategies into buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167, 112828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112828
Gupta, J., & Chakraborty, M. (2021). Energy efficiency in buildings. Dalam Sustainable Fuel Technologies Handbook (hlm. 457–480). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822989-7.00016-0
Hu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, G., Zhang, G., & Ai, Z. (2023). Air infiltration and related building energy consumption: A case study of office buildings in Changsha, China. Journal of Building Engineering, 74, 106859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106859
Hu, R., Liu, G., & Niu, J. (2020). The Impacts of a Building’s Thermal Mass on the Cooling Load of a Radiant System under Various Typical Climates. Energies, 13(6), 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061356
Johra, H. (2021). Thermal properties of building materials—Review and database. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University. https://doi.org/10.54337/aau456230861
Khorram, M., Faria, P., Abrishambaf, O., & Vale, Z. (2020). Key performance indicators regarding user comfort for building energy consumption management. Energy Reports, 6, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.12.018
Manda Firmansyah. (2026). Bagai Pedang Bermata Dua, Permintaan AC Naik Meski Perburuk Krisis Iklim. Lestari. https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2026/03/02/160248186/bagai-pedang-bermata-dua-permintaan-ac-naik-meski-perburuk-krisis-iklim
Ng, L. C., Dols, W. S., & Emmerich, S. J. (2021). Evaluating potential benefits of air barriers in commercial buildings using NIST infiltration correlations in EnergyPlus. Building and Environment, 196, 107783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107783
Ng, L. C., Persily, A. K., & Emmerich, S. J. (2014). Consideration of Envelope Airtightness in Modelling Commercial Building Energy Consumption. International Journal of Ventilation, 12(4), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2014.11684030
Nurjannah, A., Sindu Suryo, M., Ahmad Bahtiar, T., Sujatmiko, W., & Hadi, M. (2019). Potential of Energy Saving through Modification of Low Energy Housing Models. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i21.4957
Nysa Dwianditha. (2014). PENGARUH PERPINDAHAN PENGHUNI NON RUMAH SUSUN KE RUMAH SUSUN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL KONOMI PENGHUNI DI RUMAH SUSUN SARIJADI KOTA BANDUNG. Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://repository.ugm.ac.id/131145/
Olesen, B. W., Wang, H., & Kazanci, O. B. (2019). The Effect Of Room Temperature Control By Air- Or Operative Temperature On Thermal Comfort And Energy Use. 2086–2093. https://doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2019.211423
Raafat, R., Goubran, S., Makhlouf, N. N., & Aboulnaga, M. (2025). Asymmetries in global building envelope air infiltration and tightness data: Exploring knowledge gaps for accurate energy analyses. Indoor Environments, 2(1), 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100071
Rahmawati, D., Prasetyo, D., Setiawan, H., Alfita, R., Minggu, D., & Saputra, A. R. (2024). Audit Energi Listrik Dalam Upaya Penghematan Dan Efisiensi Energi Pada Gedung Fakultas Teknik Di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Informatics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Infotron), 4(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.33474/infotron.v4i2.22920
Reilly, A., & Kinnane, O. (2017). The impact of thermal mass on building energy consumption. Applied Energy, 198, 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.024
Santamouris, M., & Asimakopoulos, D. (Ed.). (2013). Passive cooling of buildings (Online-Ausg). Earthscan from Routledge.
Setia Dewi Prihapsari, Nida Ashma Adilah, & Ariyani Yaman. (2022). Informasi Statistik Infrastruktur PUPR 2022. Kementerian PUPR.
Sharaf, F. (2020). The impact of thermal mass on building energy consumption: A case study in Al Mafraq city in Jordan. Cogent Engineering, 7(1), 1804092. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1804092
Simon B Pallin, Tyler Pilet, & Renata Starostka. (2019). Variables Influenced by Thermal Mass and its Impact on Energy Performance in Buildings.
Surahman, U., Hartono, D., Setyowati, E., & Jurizat, A. (2022). Investigation on household energy consumption of urban residential buildings in major cities of Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. Energy and Buildings, 261, 111956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111956
U.S. Department of Energy. (2020, Maret). EnergyPlusTM Version 9.5.0 Documentation. U.S. Department of Energy.
World Bank. (2024). GDP per capita (current US$)—Indonesia. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=ID
Yafi, A. H., Bagaskara, A., Sisdwinugraha, A. P., Anindita Hapsari, Farid Wijaya, Faris Adnan Padhilah, Fathin Sabbiha Wismadi, & His Muhammad Bintang. (2023). Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2024. Institute for Essential Services Reform. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Indonesia-Energy-Transition-Outlook-2024-1.pdf
Yao, R., Costanzo, V., Li, X., Zhang, Q., & Li, B. (2018). The effect of passive measures on thermal comfort and energy conservation. A case study of the hot summer and cold winter climate in the Yangtze River region. Journal of Building Engineering, 15, 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.11.012
Zheng, S., Song, X., Duanmu, L., Xue, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, X. (2024). Research on the air-infiltration rate shelter coefficient of building complexes based on building parameter clustering. Journal of Building Engineering, 91, 109615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109615
