Implementation of a 200 kVA Kiosk-Type Substation on the 20 kV Distribution Network: A Case Study on SM3 Feeder, Tomohon Main Substation
Downloads
A kiosk substation is a compact, prefabricated enclosure constructed from steel or fiberglass that houses a complete distribution unit, including a medium-voltage cubicle, distribution transformer, and low-voltage switchgear. Its compact and enclosed design offers significant advantages in installation speed, operational safety, space efficiency, and visual aesthetics compared to conventional open-rack pole substations. This study analyzed the implementation of a 200 kVA kiosk-type substation on the 20 kV distribution network of the SM3 Feeder at Tomohon Main Substation (GI Tomohon), and evaluates its contribution to improving the orderliness and performance of the electrical infrastructure in the urban area of Tomohon City. The methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review, direct field observation along Jl. Kompleks Rindam Kakaskasen to Stadion Babe Palar, collection of technical data including installed transformer capacities, network lengths, and component inventories, as well as structured interviews with technical staff of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado. Field data reveals that the SM3 Feeder currently serves 11 distribution substations with a total medium-voltage network length of 2,758 m using A3CS conductors. The existing substations include 2 cantilever-type, 7 portal-type, and 2 concrete-type units, with a combined installed capacity of 1,760 kVA. Analysis indicates that two 50 kVA substations are approaching their optimal loading limits and are prioritized for replacement. Implementation of 200 kVA kiosk substations is demonstrated to reduce voltage drop from a range of 5-8% to below 3%, optimize transformer loading efficiency, and substantially simplify installation and maintenance procedures.
Adesina, L. M., Ogunbiyi, O., & Jimada-Ojuolape, B. (2024). Comparative analysis of the reliability assessment of commercial and residential feeders in the power distribution utility of Nigeria. E-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 9, 100651.
Askarizad, R., Lamíquiz Daudén, P. J., & Garau, C. (2024). The application of space syntax to enhance sociability in public urban spaces: A systematic review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 13(7), 227.
Azmi, K. H. M., Radzi, N. A. M., Azhar, N. A., Samidi, F. S., Zulkifli, I. T., & Zainal, A. M. (2022). Active electric distribution network: applications, challenges, and opportunities. Ieee Access, 10, 134655–134689.
Azzopardi, A. (2025). Earth, water, air, and aether: mobitecture as a ‘vessel’for understanding adaptive architecture in our ever-evolving world. University of Malta.
Bell, K., & Gill, S. (2018). Delivering a highly distributed electricity system: Technical, regulatory and policy challenges. Energy Policy, 113, 765–777.
Caruana, J. (2023). Improving Feeder Automation for Medium Voltage Distribution Networks. Newcastle University.
Duarte, M. E. C. (2018). Techno-economical potential of photovoltaic solutions in the urban environment.
Esfandi, S., Tayebi, S., Byrne, J., Taminiau, J., Giyahchi, G., & Alavi, S. A. (2024). Smart cities and urban energy planning: an advanced review of promises and challenges. Smart Cities, 7(1), 414–444.
Kim, J. (2022). China in medieval Indian imagination:“China”-inspired images in medieval South Asia. International Journal of Asian Studies, 19(2), 187–214.
Knoeri, C., Steinberger, J. K., & Roelich, K. (2016). End-user centred infrastructure operation: towards integrated end-use service delivery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 132, 229–239.
Koalane, N. P. (2024). Improving Failure Rate of Pole-Mounted Transformers Using Double Arrester Protection Technology. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
Li, W., Cunningham, L. S., Schultz, D. M., Mander, S., Gan, C. K., & Panteli, M. (2024). Structural Resilience of Pole-Mounted Substations Subjected to Flooding: Generalized Framework and a Malaysian Case Study. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 10(2), 4024008.
Maziya, M. T. (2016). Investigation and analysis of the causes of 11/0.4 kV distribution transformers’ high failure rate: case study-Swaziland Electricity Company.
Mustajärvi, R. (2024). Standard design criteria for electrical substations.
Osunde, A. O. (2022). Medium and low voltage distribution grid network composition analysis and review for the North American and European networks. Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt.
Pandit, A., Minné, E. A., Li, F., Brown, H., Jeong, H., James, J.-A. C., Newell, J. P., Weissburg, M., Chang, M. E., & Xu, M. (2017). Infrastructure ecology: an evolving paradigm for sustainable urban development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 163, S19–S27.
Postigo Marcos, F. E., Mateo Domingo, C., Gomez San Roman, T., Palmintier, B., Hodge, B.-M., Krishnan, V., de Cuadra García, F., & Mather, B. (2017). A review of power distribution test feeders in the United States and the need for synthetic representative networks. Energies, 10(11), 1896.
Roshan Kharrat, R. (2024). Dynamic and Adaptive Photovoltaic Shading Systems: Design and Architectural Integration for Energy Production and Indoor Comfort. Politecnico di Torino.
Stoker, P., Garfinkel-Castro, A., Khayesi, M., Odero, W., Mwangi, M. N., Peden, M., & Ewing, R. (2015). Pedestrian safety and the built environment: a review of the risk factors. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 377–392.
Wang, J., Abbasi, N. S., Pan, W., Alidekyi, S. N., Li, H., Ahmed, B., & Asghar, A. (2025). A review of vertical shaft technology and application in soft soil for urban underground space. Applied Sciences, 15(6), 3299.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mario Marcello Rares, Rembulan Sefrida Pongantung, Sasha Agnesia Walukow, Arnold Robert Rondonuwu, Yoice Rita Putung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
