Penguatan Hukum dalam Bidang Pertahanan Terhadap Ancaman Spionase dan Peretasan
Downloads
Perkembangan pesat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di era digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam sistem pertahanan negara, sekaligus meningkatkan kompleksitas ancaman siber seperti spionase dan peretasan. Ancaman ini berpotensi mengganggu keamanan nasional, terutama melalui serangan terhadap infrastruktur kritis, sistem militer, dan data strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum yang mengatur pertahanan siber di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi kelemahan serta kekosongan regulasi, serta merumuskan strategi penguatan hukum dalam menghadapi ancaman siber. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, menggunakan data sekunder berupa peraturan, literatur ilmiah, dan dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki beberapa regulasi terkait keamanan siber seperti UU ITE serta lembaga seperti BSSN, masih terdapat kelemahan berupa ketiadaan regulasi khusus di sektor pertahanan, lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, serta sanksi hukum yang belum efektif. Selain itu, perbandingan dengan negara maju menunjukkan pentingnya lembaga khusus dan sistem hukum yang terintegrasi dalam pertahanan siber. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan hukum melalui regulasi yang komprehensif, adaptif, dan terintegrasi, serta peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan, sangat diperlukan untuk memperkuat ketahanan siber nasional terhadap ancaman spionase dan peretasan.
Ahmetoglu, H., & Das, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on detection of cyber-attacks: Data sets, methods, challenges, and future research directions. Internet of Things, 20, 100615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2022.100615
Ashraf, C. (2021). Defining cyberwar: Towards a definitional framework. Defense & Security Analysis, 37(3), 274–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2021.1941010
Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN). (2023). Laporan statistik insiden siber Indonesia tahun 2023. Jakarta: BSSN.
Bolbot, V., Kulkarni, K., Brunou, P., Valdez Banda, O., & Musharraf, M. (2022). Developments and research directions in maritime cybersecurity: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 39, 100571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2022.100571
Bullock, J. A., Haddow, G. D., & Coppola, D. P. (2021). Cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection. In Introduction to Homeland Security (pp. 425–497). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817137-0.00008-0
Edgar, T. W., & Manz, D. O. (2017). Defining cyber space. In Research Methods for Cyber Security (pp. 3–31). Elsevier.
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). (2022). ENISA Threat Landscape 2022. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2824/764318
Gioe, D., Goodman, M., & Stevens, T. (2020). Intelligence in the cyber era: Evolution or revolution? Political Science Quarterly, 135(2), 191–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.13001
Imran, M. F. (2023). Preventing and combating cybercrime in Indonesia. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 17(1), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766614
Jadav, N. K., Gupta, R., & Tanwar, S. (2023). AI and onion routing-based secure architectural framework for IoT-based critical infrastructure. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 43, 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2023.100638
Kajander, A., Liivoja, R., & Naagel, M. (2025). Cybersecurity of weapon systems: International law requirements and technical standards. Journal of Cybersecurity, 11(1), tyaf017. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaf017
Leventopoulos, S., Pipyros, K., & Gritzalis, D. (2024). Retaliating against cyber-attacks: A decision-taking framework for policy-makers and enforcers of international and cybersecurity law. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 5, 237–262. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-024-00113-5
Lonergan, E. D., & Schneider, J. (2023). The power of beliefs in US cyber strategy: The evolving role of deterrence, norms, and escalation. Journal of Cybersecurity, 9(1), tyad006. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyad006
NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE). (2023). Cybersecurity practices for military organizations. Tallinn: NATO CCDCOE Publications.
Rahmat, R. F., Aziira, A. H., Purnamawati, S., Pane, Y. M., Faza, S., Al-Khowarizmi, & Nadi, F. (2023). Classifying Indonesian cyber crime cases under ITE law using a hybrid of mutual information and support vector machine. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(5), 853–862. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.130507
Saputra, A., Kristiawanto, K., & Ismed, M. (2024). Rekonstruksi penegakan hukum tindak pidana siber di Indonesia. SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Hukum, 3(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v3i1.1186
Sava?, S., & Karata?, S. (2022). Cyber governance studies in ensuring cybersecurity: An overview of cybersecurity governance. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 3(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-021-00045-4
Sulich, A., Rutkowska, M., Krawczyk-Jezierska, A., Jezierski, J., & Zema, T. (2021). Cybersecurity and sustainable development. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 3217–3225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.003
Surya, E., & Farid, M. (2025). Strengthening cybersecurity and data protection legal framework in Indonesia: A normative analysis of current challenges and future directions. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 13(2), e5891. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v13i2.5891
Widayanti, T. F., Khoiruddin, M., & Prabowo, H. (2025). Reforming Indonesia’s cyber law to foster sustainable growth in the digital economy. Diponegoro Law Review, 10(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.10.1.2025.105-119
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Yoga Widhi Pamungkas, Ahmad Jaeni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
