Karakteristik Penderita Koinfeksi HIV Dengan Tuberkulosis Paru di Poliklinik VCT RSUP Ngoerah Tahun 2024
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Koinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dengan tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang saling menjual perjalanan klinis, meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. TB paru menjadi infeksi oportunistik paling sering pada orang dengan HIV (ODHIV), terutama bila jumlah limfosit CD4 <200 sel/mm³. Manifestasi klinis dan radiologis TB paru pada ODHIV sering tidak khas, sehingga diagnosis dini menjadi tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik klinis, imunologis, dan radiologi penderita koinfeksi HIV dengan TB paru di Poliklinik VCT RSUP Ngoerah tahun 2024. Studi deskriptif retrospektif observasional dilakukan dengan meninjau data rekam medis pasien koinfeksi HIV dengan TB paru. Variabel yang dijelaskan meliputi karakteristik demografi, faktor risiko HIV, status imunologi (CD4), stadium klinis HIV, gejala sistemik dan respirasi TB paru, serta gambaran radiologis thoraks. Sebanyak 74 subjek dianalisis, sebagian besar berusia >35 tahun (55,5%) dan laki-laki (66,2%). Faktor risiko utama penularan HIV adalah hubungan heteroseksual multipartner (70,2%). Sebagian besar berada pada stadium klinis IV HIV (85,2%) dengan CD4 <100 sel/mm³ (90,5%). Gejala sistemik yang terbanyak adalah demam (77,0%), penurunan nafsu makan (62,1%), dan penurunan berat badan (55,4%), sedangkan gejala respirasi utama adalah batuk kronis ?2 minggu (68,9%). Gambaran radiologis tersering berupa fibrosis, konsolidasi, atau nodul (77,0%), tanpa infiltrat khas TB di lapang atas paru. Mayoritas penderita datang dalam kondisi lanjut dengan imunosupresi berat, menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini dan strategi diagnostik TB paru yang disesuaikan pada ODHIV.
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