Analisis Yuridis Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Illegal Logging dalam Rangka Perlindungan Ekosistem Hutan di Indonesia
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Tindak pidana illegal logging merupakan ancaman serius terhadap keberlanjutan ekosistem hutan di Indonesia, yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan dan kehidupan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap illegal logging berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, serta efektivitasnya dalam melindungi ekosistem hutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, undang-undangan, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan tentang illegal logging (terutama UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 jo UU No. 6 Tahun 2023 dan UU No. 41 Tahun 1999) telah mengatur sanksi pidana yang cukup tegas, meliputi penjara dan denda. Namun, dalam praktik penerapannya masih terdapat kendala, seperti lemahnya penegakan hukum, peran pelaku intelektual yang jarang dipidana, dan masalah pengelolaan barang bukti. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam rangka perlindungan ekosistem hutan belum optimal akibat berbagai hambatan struktural dan prosedural dalam penegakan hukum. Disarankan untuk memperkuat koordinasi antar instansi penegak hukum, meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan menciptakan kebijakan yang lebih komprehensif guna meningkatkan efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam perlindungan ekosistem hutan.
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