The Special Region of Yogyakarta has a long history both as a monarchy or a kingdom

and after joining the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Rahmansyah et al., 2022).

This long and unique historical aspect makes Yogyakarta different from other provinces in

Indonesia. This right of origin and history makes Yogyakarta a special area. Fundamentally,

there are several reasons why Yogyakarta holds the title of Special, namely philosophical,

historical-political, juridical, socio-psychological, and academic-comparative reasons (Lay,

Philosophically, Yogyakarta consciously chooses to be part of the Republic of

Indonesia by glorifying diversity in diversity as stated in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution

(Asmara, 2020). The historical-political reasons are related to the political choice to join the

Republic of Indonesia. The juridical reason is more about the mandate of Sri Paduka Ingkeng

Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan and the mandate of Sri Paduka Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Ario

Paku Alam. Both mandates can be prescribed as a legal novum that states that the status of

Yogyakarta, in the formal juridical realm, has undergone a change from a region Zelfbesturende

Landschappen or the Swapraja area is a special area within the territory of the Unitary State of

the Republic of Indonesia. In this Juridical aspect, it is then regulated by various regulations

about these privileges (Robuan, 2022). The socio-psychological reason is more visible because

legal politics of local government embraced by Indonesia, after the reform that emphasizes the

decentralization of authority (Heryansyah, 2016). This means that authority is decentralized to

regions, districts/cities by paying attention to certain characteristics so that there are some

differences in several regions. For example, there is special autonomy in the Aceh Government,

Special Autonomy of Papua and West Papua and there are Special Regions in the Special

Capital Region of Jakarta and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The principle of decentralization

is carried out differently in certain regions considering the unique characteristics and historical

aspects that underlie a region. The recognition of certain characteristics as the implementation

of asymmetrical decentralization is taken as the legal politics of local governments in Indonesia

(Nurfurqon, 2020).

the provisions of regions with special autonomy, namely Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province,

Special Region of Yogyakarta, Papua and DKI Jakarta. The DIY specialty was only approved

after 12 years later (Alivia, 2019).

This research will review the privileges of DIY in the context of local government law

politics taken by Indonesia in accommodating various characteristics of very diverse regions

in Indonesia. In order to provide a guarantee of good decentralization, the decision to grant

special or special autonomy is the beginning of recognition of regions that do have

characteristics that are not the same as other regions.

This study uses a juridical-normative approach, which is research that focuses on the

study of applicable legal norms (Zainuddin & Karina, 2023), as well as its application in the

context of the privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The research design used

is descriptive-analytical, which aims to describe and analyze asymmetric decentralization

policies in the local government system and its impact on the governance of DIY governance.

The data used in this study consists of:

1. Primary data, in the form of relevant laws and regulations, such as Law Number 13 of 2012

concerning DIY Privileges, as well as other regulations related to asymmetric

decentralization and regional autonomy policies.

systematically review and interpret legal materials to understand the relationship between legal

norms and their application. In this case, the research focuses on normative analysis, namely

examining laws and regulations as well as the legal principles underlying the asymmetric

decentralization policy in Yogyakarta. In addition, this study also analyzes the implications of

the policy on legal and political aspects in local government. The results of the analysis are

then compiled in a descriptive manner to provide a comprehensive understanding of the

problems studied.

To see the privileges of DIY in the context of government law politics, it is necessary

government as the holder of the highest position or authority that has full power in daily

government (Susanto, 2019). This means that almost no field of affairs in government activities

is handed over by the constitution to smaller units of government (in this case, regions or

provinces). Unitary State, in which case the central government can give or delegate duties and

authorities to regions (provinces, districts/cities) or even local governments through laws

passed by parliament together with the central government, not in the 1945 Constitution

(Setiawan, 2018). The delegation of authority can be withdrawn at any time according to needs

or if violations are found that require action to be taken. The central government has the

authority to hand over part of its power to the regions based on the right to autonomy known

as decentralization. However, the highest power remains with the central government, so that

(Simandjuntak, 2015). The essence of a unitary state is that it is not divided and limited,

although the regions have the authority to regulate their own territory, it does not mean that the

local government has its own sovereignty (Hamid, 2018).

Article 18 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states

that "The State of Indonesia is divided into provincial areas and the provincial area is divided

into districts and cities, where each province, district and city has a regional government, which

is regulated by law". Meanwhile, Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution paragraph (2) as the

ground norm of local government expressly states: "Provincial, city/district governments,

regulate, and manage their own government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and

assistance duties." The implementation of local government is then carried out based on the

and community participation in accordance with the conditions and characteristics of their

regions. Regions are also expected to be able to compete while still paying attention to the

principles of democracy, justice, equity, potential, diversity as well as specificity and privilege

within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The efforts of a unitary

state like Indonesia to always hold control over its territory or its region are absolute, although

there is authority given to the region, but it is very limited, still under the control of the

government (Huda, 2014).

C.F. Strong's opinion quoted by Miriam Budiardjo states that there are 2 absolute

characteristics inherent in a unitary state, namely: first, the supremacy of the central people's

representative council, and second, the absence of other sovereign bodies. This means that the

on Regional Government.

has been regulated in accordance with Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution, so the

regulation must consider the rights and origins of the special region. Related to this, the

regulation regarding the Privileges of DIY in the laws and regulations since the

establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia has remained consistent in

five years for Sultan Hamengku Buwono and Adipati Paku Alam who have been enthroned

as Governor and Deputy Governor since the inauguration, without any attachment to the

provisions of periodization of the term of office. Therefore, in Yogyakarta there is no

election for governors and deputy governors as in general.

Regional Government is led by the Governor who is assisted by the deputy governor in

Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat as a government, community, and independent areas. Noble

values such as Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana, Mangasah Mingising Budi, Memasuh

Malaning Bumi, Golong Gilig, and satriya traits such as Sawiji, Greget, Sengguh, Ora

Mingkuh, have been reflected in the life of the community and the spatial planning of the

region which is now known as DIY. These noble values, considered as local wisdom, are

not only valid in Yogyakarta, but can also be identified as national or national cultural

values. Therefore, the privileges of DIY can be understood within the framework of the

Yogyakarta culture is interpreted as pure values that are manifested in works and

creations, becoming the core identity of the people of Yogyakarta. Since its inception,

Yogyakarta Culture has been developed and enriched by various sources, including the

noble values of the Islamic Kingdom of Mataram in Kotagede, the urban planning design

of Prince Mangkubumi with the concept of associative saujana that refers to two main

natural forces, namely Segara Kidul in the south and Mount Merapi in the north, as well as

past to the present.

units, as mandated by Article 18B paragraph (1) of the Constitution.

concerning the Privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. According to Article 34

regions. As a consequence of these rights, the central government also provides special fund

support to exercise these rights, as well as special autonomy funds such as Aceh and Papua.

Based on the results and discussion of the research, it is concluded that the politics of

local government law is a choice of the political system taken by Indonesia to regulate the

relationship between the central and regional governments in the context of the unitary state of

the Republic of Indonesia. As a unitary state, the central government has unlimited and absolute

government system taken is asymmetrical decentralization. This system allows the central

government to give authority to regions to manage their own government affairs according to

the authority given, as well as recognize the existence of special regional characteristics (Aceh,

Papua and West Papua) and special (DKI Jakarta and DIY).

The privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta are granted through the ratification

of Law Number 12 of 2013 concerning the Privileges of Yogyakarta by granting 5 privileges

in filling the positions, positions, duties, and authorities of the Governor and Deputy Governor;

institutions of the Yogyakarta Regional Government; culture; land; and spatial planning. With

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