Journal Indonesian Impression (JII)

Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

p-ISSN: 2828-1284 e-ISSN: 2810-062x

website: https: //rivierapublishing.id/JII/ index.php / jii /index

Doi: 10.58344/jii.v4i1.6270

1071

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)

AND APPETITE IN FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM

RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia

[email protected]1, [email protected]2, ⁠[email protected].id3

Keywords

Abstract

Premenstrual syndrome,

Lust eating, Serotonin,

Estrogen, Progesterone

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is conditions that affect part big Woman

age reproduction, with symptoms vary including change lust eating.

Hormonal changes that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

menstruation can influence regulation lust eating and pattern

consumption food. Research This aiming For analyze connection

between PMS and lust eating at college students Faculty Sam Ratulangi

University Medical School Class of 2024. Research This aiming For

identify connection between PMS symptoms with change lust Eat as

well as factors that influence it. Research This use design observational

analytic with cross-sectional approach. Research sample a total of 138

female students were selected through purposive sampling technique.

Data collected use Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire

(SNAQ) questionnaire for measure lust eating and the Shortened

Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF) for measure PMS symptoms.

Data analysis was performed with the Spearman correlation test with

level significance 0.05. Research results show that part big respondents

(99.3%) experienced PMS symptoms with level severity varies. As

many as 81.2% of respondents own lust eat well during PMS, while the

other 18.8% report lust undereating. Analysis correlation show existence

connection positive weak between PMS and lust eating (r = 0.338, p <

0.001), which indicates that the more critical PMS symptoms,

increasingly increase lust Eat respondents. Findings This confirm

importance understanding more carry on about change physiological and

psychological things that happen during PMS as well the impact to

pattern eating.

Corresponding Author : Enmilia Banuarsih Raule

Email: enmiliaraul[email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is phenomenon global health impacts more from 80% of

women age reproduction worldwide, with diverse impacts to welfare physical , psychological,

and behavioral everyday (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2022). PMS does

not only become issue health reproduction, but also has an impact on the quality life Woman

in a way general, especially for those who are in environment academic and professional. Based

on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), health teenager Woman in range age 15-

24 years be one of priority main in effort improvement quality global life (World Health

Organization, 2022). PMS problems are increasingly get attention among academics and

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1072

practitioners health Because can influence performance academic, productivity work, and

stability emotional individuals who experience it ( Dilbaz & Aksan, 2021).

In Indonesia, the prevalence of STDs is quite high high, especially among teenagers and

girls young. A study show that more from 60% of teenagers daughter experience annoying

PMS symptoms activity daily (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022).

Symptoms experienced covering disturbance emotional, physical, and behavioral. one of which

is is change lust significant eating. Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of

Indonesia Number 25 of 2014 confirms importance education and services health reproduction

for teenager as part from effort improvement quality health Indonesian women (Regulation of

the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014).

Change lust Eat during phase premenstrual has become attention in various research.

Some studies show existence improvement consumption food tall carbohydrates and sugar

during luteal phase, which is thought to related with fluctuation hormone estrogen and

progesterone (Souza et al., 2018). A other research reveals that change lust Eat during PMS is

also influenced by factors psychological like stress and emotional eating (Gusni et al., 2022).

Student medical as population with level high academic often experience stress academics that

can to aggravate PMS symptoms and patterns Eat they (Husna et al., 2022).

Urgency study This based on impact extent of PMS against welfare Woman young,

especially student medicine that faces pressure academic high. Study on PMS relationship with

lust eating among student medical Still limited, especially in context education high in

Indonesia. Some study show that change lust Eat during PMS can increase risk obesity or

disturbance pattern Eat If No managed with Good (Annisa, 2022). Therefore that,

understanding more carry on about factors that influence pattern Eat during PMS is very

necessary For designing effective intervention strategies use increase health reproduction and

welfare Woman young.

PMS is gathering symptom physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that occur in the

luteal phase of the cycle. menstruation and disappear after menstruation started (Hofmeister &

Bodden, 2016). Epidemiological studies show that The prevalence of STDs ranges from

between 30-80% in women age productive, with variation level severity symptoms ( Direkvand

-Moghadam et al., 2014). Some study find existence connection between index mass body

weight (BMI) with incidence of PMS, where women with BMI more tall tend experience more

PMS symptoms heavy (Andriyani, 2023; Norlina, 2022).

From a neurohormonal perspective, changes lust Eat during luteal phase is associated

with improvement ghrelin and serotonin levels that affect mechanism regulation lust Eat

(Yanagi et al., 2018 ; Bamalan et al., 2018). In addition, stress as factor external also has

contribution significant to pattern Eat during PMS, where the individual with level stress tall

more tend experiencing emotional eating (Choi, 2020). Some Other studies also link activity

physique with level PMS severity, in which individuals are more active in a way physique own

risk more low experiencing severe PMS (Sanchez et al., 2023; Yusnella et al., 2022).

Although has Lots research that discusses PMS and patterns eating, research that is

special researching connection between PMS and lust eating in population student medical Still

limited . Research This will give contribution new with identify factors specifics that affect

change lust Eat during PMS among student medicine at Sam Ratulangi University. With use a

more approach comprehensive, research This will explore connection between level stress

academic, pattern eating, and PMS symptoms. In addition, research this will also researching

How difference individual in level hormone can influence lust Eat during PMS.

main purpose from study This is For identify connection between PMS and lust eating at

college students Faculty Sam Ratulangi University Medical School Class of 2024. With

understand more in about connection between PMS and lust eat, expected results study This

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1073

can become runway for effort more education and intervention effective in handle the impact

of PMS on welfare Woman young.

RESEARCH METHODS

Types of research

Study This is study quantitative with design observational analytics.

Approach Study

Approach study use cross-sectional method or cut latitude.

Population

Population in study This is all over student Faculty Medicine (Medical Education Study

Program) Class of 2024, Sam Ratulangi University, consisting of 178 female students.

Sample

Research sample This chosen with purposive sampling technique, namely female students who

fulfill criteria inclusion and exclusion following :

• Criteria inclusion : Female students Faculty Medicine Class of 2024 Sam Ratulangi

University. Willing fill in questionnaire by online.

• Criteria exclusion : Currently consuming drugs that affect lust Eat . Is pregnant or breast-

feed. Size sample counted use Slovin's formula with a margin of error of 5%, so that The

minimum sample is 123 female students. The sample is willing to participate are 138

female students

Data collection technique

Data collected through online questionnaire consisting of from two instruments :

Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) for measure lust eating. Shortened

Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF) for measure premenstrual syndrome symptoms.

Data Analysis Techniques

Data analysis was performed in two ways, Analysis Univariate : For describe data

distribution every variable study in form frequency and percentage. Analysis Bivariate : Using

the Spearman correlation test to analyze connection between premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

symptoms and desire eat. Significance determined with p-value < 0.05.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Questionnaire Validation Test

Using the Pearson-Correlation validity test ; if r item > r table, then the questionnaire

item is considered valid. R table adjusts the number of samples used in a study. In this study

using a sample of 138 subjects, then 0.2186 is used with the assumption of a significance level

of p <0.01. So, if r item > 0.2186 then the item is considered valid.

Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF) score, the r item value was found to

be > r table in all ten questions so that the items were considered valid. In the Simplified

Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) score, It was also found that the r item value was

> r table in the four questions so that the items were considered valid.

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1074

1. Univariate Analysis

This research was conducted through Google Form in November 2024. Of the total 178

registered female students, 138 female students were willing to be respondents and had met the

minimum population based on the Slovin formula, which was 123 female students. Based on

these data, the response rate for this study was 77.53% for all active female students in the

medical education study program.

a. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Table 1. Sample Distribution Based on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual Syndrome

0.7

Light

28.3

Currently

Heavy

Total

138

100

Based on table 3, it explains the level of PMS felt by female students. It can be seen from

the number of 138 people, there is 1 person with a percentage of 0.7% who does not experience

PMS, 39 people with a percentage of 28.3% who experience mild PMS, 51 people with a

percentage of 37% who experience moderate PMS and 47 people with a percentage of 34%

who experience severe PMS.

b. Appetite

Table 2. Frequency Distribution Based on Appetite of Respondents

Appetite

Not enough

18.8

Good

112

81.2

Total

138

100

Based on table 4, it explains about the appetite felt by female students during PMS. It

can be seen from the number of 138 people, there are 26 people with a percentage of 18.8%

experiencing poor appetite and 112 people with a percentage of 81.2% experiencing good

appetite.

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1075

2. Bivariate Analysis

Spearman Correlation Test Between PMS and Appetite

Spearman Correlation Test of PMS with Appetite

Premenstrual Syndrome

(PMS)

Appetite

Correlation

Coefficient

.338

Sig. (2-tailed)

<.001

138

Based on table 6, the p value is <.001, which means p <0.05, so it can be concluded that

there is a relationship between premenstrual syndrome and appetite, and based on the results

above, the coefficient value is 0.338, which indicates a weak and unidirectional correlation

between premenstrual syndrome and appetite. Premenstrual syndrome the more critical so lust

Eat will increase.

Discussion

In a study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University on 138 female

students of the class of 2024, it was found that most female students had a good appetite, with

a total of 112 female students (81.2%). Thus, this study also revealed that most female students

of the class of 2024 experienced premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms with moderate

severity, which was 37%. Only 1 female student (0.7%) reported not experiencing PMS. To

analyze the relationship between PMS and changes in appetite, this study used the Spearman

statistical test . The test results showed a p value of <0.001, which means p <0.05. Thus, the

null hypothesis (H₀) which states that there is no relationship between PMS and appetite can

be rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (H₁) which states that there is a relationship

between the two variables is accepted. And the r value = 0.338 shows a weak correlation

strength with a unidirectional correlation, which means that the more severe the PMS

symptoms felt, the better the appetite experienced.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms that appear in each individual can vary, both

in terms of type and severity. According to the American College of Obstetricians and

Gynecologists, approximately 85% of women of childbearing age are estimated to experience

at least one PMS symptom in each menstrual cycle. While most women experience these

symptoms, the severity varies greatly, with some women only experiencing mild symptoms,

while others may experience more serious disorders. This shows that PMS is a fairly common

condition experienced by women, although the impact varies from person to person.

In a study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University on female

students of the class of 2024, the results showed that as many as 99.3% of the female students

experienced PMS symptoms. Only 0.7% did not experience PMS, as listed in table 4 in this

study. This study is in line with research conducted by Pridynabilah in 2023, which also showed

a high number of PMS sufferers, namely 88.7%, while 11.3% of respondents did not experience

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1076

PMS. (8). Similar research conducted by Lestari et al. in 2024 on undergraduate nursing

students at the Al Insyirah Institute of Health and Technology also showed a fairly high

prevalence of PMS, namely 80.7% of 93 respondents experienced PMS symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle,

which is the phase after ovulation and before menstruation begins. During this phase, there is

an imbalance between the hormones progesterone and estrogen, which can affect various body

systems, including the central nervous system. One of the most striking changes is a decrease

in serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating mood, appetite,

and feelings of happiness. This decrease in serotonin levels is known to affect the desire to eat.

Serotonin, often dubbed the “happy hormone,” plays a very important role in maintaining

emotional balance and satiety. Therefore, fluctuations in serotonin during PMS can lead to

more intense hunger.

This theory is in line with the results of a study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine,

Sam Ratulangi University, which showed that as many as 112 female students or around 81.2%

of respondents experienced good appetite during the PMS phase. Most female students reported

experiencing increased appetite, but there were also a small number who reported decreased

appetite. This shows that there is individual variation in response to hormonal changes during

PMS. This study is supported by previous research conducted by Matsure et al, where as many

as 85.8% of 169 female students also experienced increased appetite during PMS. These

findings strengthen the understanding that hormonal changes that occur in the luteal phase can

play a major role in influencing appetite in women, especially in those who experience PMS

symptoms.

Increased appetite during PMS is not only influenced by estrogen and progesterone

hormones. There are also various other factors that can affect a person's appetite, such as certain

medical conditions, stress, or disorders of the thyroid gland. For example, in stressful

conditions experienced by a person can stimulate the release of the hormone cortisol, which is

known to increase the desire to eat foods high in fat and sugar. In fact, some medical conditions

such as cancer, which affect the digestive system or the body's metabolism, can also contribute

to changes in eating patterns. One hormone that plays a major role in regulating appetite is

ghrelin, known as the "hunger hormone". Ghrelin in the blood tends to increase when the body

is hungry, increases slightly before eating, and decreases significantly after eating. In healthy

individuals, this pattern suggests that ghrelin functions to stimulate hunger and appetite.

Several studies have also shown that ghrelin levels can be affected by hormonal fluctuations,

including in the premenstrual phase, which may explain why many women experience

increased appetite during PMS (50 ).

This research is also supported by theories stated in several leading medical books, such

as Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology and Silverthorn's Human Physiology,

which all explain that in the premenstrual phase, an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and

progesterone can affect certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, which in turn

contributes to changes in women's eating patterns and appetite. Along with decreased serotonin

levels, increased cravings for certain foods, as noted in the results of this study, may explain

why most female students who experience PMS also report increased appetite.

Enmilia Banuarsih Raule1, Ivonny Melinda Sapulete2, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka3

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) AND APPETITE IN

FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY

Journal Indonesian Impressions (JII) Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2025

1077

CONCLUSION

Research result This show that majority student Faculty Class of 2024 Medicine, Sam

Ratulangi University experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms with level severity

varies. In addition, it was found existence connection positive weak between level severity of

PMS with improvement lust eating. Research This confirm that change hormones and factors

psychological play a role important in arrange pattern Eat during phase premenstrual. As step

act further, recommended the existence of an educational program health more reproduction

directed for student use increase understanding they related management PMS symptoms in

general effective. Intervention based on Nutrition and psychology are also necessary developed

For help individuals who experience PMS with level severity high so that you can guard

balance intake nutrition and well-being emotional they.

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