Learning Methods According to Modern Obaidat

Adinda Roisatul Fawziyah

IAIN Ponorogo

adindaroisatul@gmail.com

Keywords

Abstract

Methods, learning, modern times

Method is a way used to achieve certain goals. This method greatly affects students in receiving the knowledge delivered. The purpose of this research is to find out the learning method according to Obaidat. To achieve the research objectives, the author uses the type of library research by using written materials that have been published in the form of books and journals. There are 11 learning methods according to Obaidat, namely, lecture method, discussion method, brainstorming method, story method, problem solving method, project method, assignment method, field trip method, survey method, concept map method, and play while learning method. Remedial learning with the problem solving method is learning that is dominated by student activeness, so the success in overcoming student difficulties is higher than remedial learning with conventional methods that involve less student activeness. From the many existing learning methods, it can be concluded that students can use any method, as long as learning can take place optimally and students can understand the material presented. With the right learning method, it can encourage the growth of students' enjoyment of lessons, foster and increase motivation in doing assignments, make it easier to understand lessons, thus enabling students to achieve better learning outcomes.

Corresponding Author : Adinda Roisatul Fawziyah

E-mail: adindaroisatul@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

A method is a method used to achieve a certain goal. This method greatly influences students in accepting the knowledge presented. Teachers as educators are expected to be able to manage and create effective and efficient learning.

As time goes by, there are so many methods in learning that teachers are required to be able to master various existing methods. The wrong or inappropriate method for implementing it can cause students not to understand the material being presented (Asrial, Syahrial, Maison, Kurniawan, & Putri, 2021).

Learning is often considered trivial and underestimated by students. But actually learning is not an easy thing. Learning is closely related to education. Education is the key to the progress and prosperity of society (Asnawan, nd, pp. 17–33) . The learning process is very important because it is the main activity in carrying out educational goals. Here the teacher plays a very important role in providing motivation to students about the importance of learning. This aims to raise students' enthusiasm for learning. There are many ways that can be used to deliver learning. By having various ways or methods in learning, it is hoped that students can become more focused and interested in carrying out learning (Maguire & Delahunt, 2017).

This research aims to analyze the concept of eco-democracy and its relevance in the context of post-mining reclamation environmental protection in Indonesia. By evaluating the effectiveness of existing laws, this research is expected to provide a better understanding of post-mining reclamation environmental protection and the potential application of eco-democracy in that context. In addition, the research will also identify the challenges and opportunities that arise in implementing eco-democracy in post-mining reclamation environmental protection in Indonesia. As such, this research has the benefit of providing new insights into the concept of eco-democracy and its application in the context of environmental protection, as well as providing policy recommendations to strengthen the existing legal framework. In addition, it is hoped that this research can increase understanding of the challenges and opportunities in implementing eco-democracy in environmental protection after mine reclamation in Indonesia. With the contribution of this research, it is hoped that it can advance the development of environmental protection policies in Indonesia, especially related to post-mining reclamation, and encourage active community participation in environmental decision-making (Sutrisno, Chen, Suryawan, & Lee, 2023).

RESEARCH METHODS

This research uses a qualitative approach. Researchers interpret how subjects obtain meaning from the surrounding environment, and how this meaning influences their behavior. Research is carried out in a natural setting and is not the result of treatment or manipulation of the variables involved. This research uses a library research method by collecting data related to Obaidat's thoughts. The library research method is a series of activities related to library data collection methods, reading and recording and processing research materials.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Methods are a series of systematic actions carried out by teachers in teaching subject matter (Mufidah & Zainudin, 2018) . To teach Arabic to students, there are various learning steps that can be applied. Educators can transfer material content to students using a method, but the conclusions or teaching results can also be different, if the method used is different, even if the book and material are the same.

There are many teaching methods both ancient and modern. In ancient times, remembering that there was no prominent method in teaching, but rather a variety that was adapted to the objectives of teaching, lessons, level of students, nature of subject matter, and available abilities to achieve success (Parwati, Suryawan, & Apsari, 2023) .

1. Lecture method or face to face

The lecture method is the oldest method originating from ancient Greece, it is the most widespread and well-known method which plays an important role in the process (Parwati et al., 2023) . A lecture is verbal communication between a person and a group. This lecture is not just limited to speakers and listeners, but there is a process of transferring knowledge and knowledge.

This lecture method is the most frequently used method because it does not require any media. This lecture includes a flexible method, where teachers can carry out learning anywhere and anytime. Here are some tips to avoid getting bored in the learning process (Masyhudi, 2014, p. 116) : a. The language used is not too standard so that the material presented can be easily accepted by students. b. Done with enthusiasm. Because the teacher's enthusiasm will be transmitted to students (Biltiser Bachtiar Manti, 2016, p. 166) . Apart from that, enthusiastic teachers can make the class livelier. c. The material presented should be interspersed with light jokes so that students do not get bored. Apart from that, teachers also intersperse learning with ice breaking (Moh Asror, 2023, p. 40) .

Implications in education, this lecture method are still widely used in boarding school education. Because the transfer of knowledge between educators and students is not only a matter of material, but is also accompanied by the cultivation of morals and character in students (Abidin, 2023).

2. Discussion Method

This discussion method is a teaching method that is often used in studying history. This method aims to bring out different opinions between students. The simple steps that teachers usually use in carrying out discussions are starting from preparing the discussion, undergoing the discussion, and finally evaluating the discussion (Parwati et al., 2023) .

This discussion method has many advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this discussion method are, a) It makes students aware that problems can be solved in various ways and not one way. b) It makes students aware that by discussing they express opinions to each other constructively so that better decisions can be obtained. c). Get students used to listening to other people's opinions even if they differ from their own and getting into the habit of being tolerant (Nurliah, 2018). Meanwhile, the disadvantages of this method are a) it cannot be used in large groups. b) Discussion participants receive limited information. c) Can be controlled by people who like to talk. d) Usually people want a more formal approach (Dra. Hj. Nunung Nurliah, 2018) .

We often find the application of this method is the implementation of Forum Group Discussions (FGD) or active discussions (Zuhri, 2020) . This discussion can be applied to various problems or subjects. In Islamic Religious Education learning, usually discussing sharia and morals. However, for matters of faith, this is not suitable if applied using this method. Because, this creed concerns belief, so it no longer needs to be discussed. By having discussions on each problem, students can become more active in their opinions and know how to solve problems in a group or organization (Kalenda, Hyna, & Rossi, 2018).

3. Brainstorming Method

Brainstorming is a method that can generate and produce creative ideas in solving problems. There are four basic rules of thinking mentioned by Osborn, namely, a) their feelings and thoughts are not limited. b) Welcome the free flow of ideas by expanding and incorporating them. c) The greater the quantity, the more ideas there are, and the higher the balance of ideas is limited. d) combining two or more ideas so that they become another, better idea (Parwati et al., 2023) .

According to Roestiyah (Syifa Siti, 2014, p. 128) the learning steps using the brainstorming method are: (1) providing information and motivation for the problem to be discussed; (2) identification (providing as many suggestions as possible); (3) classification based on criteria created and agreed upon by the group; (4) verification (testing its relevance to the problem); and (5) conclusion (agreement). With this method, students become more active, can compete healthily, less active students receive help from active students, and increase student participation in learning (Eve, 2023, p. 129) .

This method is suitable for use in learning because students can freely express their opinions, so they can learn how to respect different opinions.

4. Story Method in Teaching

This story method is an ancient method. Where in the past there were no books to write history. So to provide material to their children and grandchildren. With this method, the story must be appropriate to their age and mental level, the storyline must be consistent, the facts and information in the story can achieve educational goals. As teaching supplies, teachers must have lots of stories that are related to the material (Parwati et al., 2023) .

History lessons in Islam usually use the story method in their delivery. Because there are many stories of the prophet and his friends that are not written in story books (Mulia Rahmi, 2019) . This story method can be a favorite method because most stories in learning are more attached to students' memories (Fauziah, 2013) . This method is widely used at the PAUD or Kindergarten education level.

5. Problem Solving Methods

What is meant by a problem is a state of confusion and doubt that requires action to be resolved. Finding the right solution requires students to research and explore (Parwati et al., 2023) .

Mathematics is a scientific discipline that can improve thinking and argumentation skills, contribute to solving daily problems and in the world of work, as well as providing support in the world of work, as well as providing support in the development of science and technology (Putri, Dinda Kurnia, Joko Sulianto, 2019) . This problem solving method is suitable for application in higher education schools because it can improve students' thinking power.

Remedial learning using the problem solving method is learning that is dominated by student activity, so that the success in overcoming student difficulties is higher than remedial learning using conventional methods which involve less student activity. Several studies have proven that remedial learning using problem solving methods can improve students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills (Zakiyah, 2018) .

CONCLUSION

From the many existing learning methods, it can be concluded that students can use any method, as long as learning can take place optimally and students can understand the material presented. With appropriate learning methods, it can encourage the growth of students' enjoyment of lessons, foster and increase motivation in doing assignments, make it easier to understand lessons, thereby enabling students to achieve better learning outcomes.

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