IMPLEMENTARY COMMUNICATION REGARDING THE
POLICY OF ARTICLE 18 PARAGRAPH 9 IN THE REGULATION OF THE MINISTER OF
EDUCATION, CULTURE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY NUMBER 53 OF 2023 BY UNIVERSITIES
Sagita Intan Cahyany1,
M. Syukron Anshori2
Universitas
Teknologi Sumbawa
[email protected]1, [email protected]2
|
Keywords |
Abstract |
|
Policy communication, implementation,
information |
The successful
implementation of the policy of the Minister of Education, Research and
Technology Regulation Article 18 Paragraph 9 Number 53 of 2023 is influenced
by the delivery of information and communication by policy actors. By applying policy
implementation theory, this research will examine the factors that influence
the dimensions of communication, such as communication distribution, clarity
of information, and consistency, and then provide a better understanding of
the importance of communication in building cooperation in higher education
programs, providing input and recommendations for legislators. Moreover,And
other educational institutions are increasing information dissemination
efforts and expanding the scope of their programs. This research aims to
determine how implementers carry out information implementation, clarity, and
consistency through communication studies. The research used is qualitative
with a descriptive approach carried out through observations and interviews
for three months at three universities in Sumbawa Regency with informants
determined through purposive sampling, intended to provide an accurate
picture of a particular situation or the relationship between various actual phenomena.
Regularly. Information has been provided, but the implementation still needs
to run optimally; this can be seen from the uneven delivery of information to
technical implementers. The provision of information could have been better.
Namely, the central institution still needs to conduct direct outreach to the
targets or target objects by implementing technical UPTs. Meanwhile, academic
parties at the University are waiting while studying the aims and objectives
of the policy. It is hoped that central institutions will optimize the
delivery of information and communication. |
Corresponding Author: Sagita Intan Cahyany
Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
A
person's potential and skills can be better understood through formal
education. Indonesia established a 12-year or universal education program as
ordered in Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 80 of 2013 (Margiyanti
& Maulia, 2023). From shifts in school curricula to
the emergence of the Independent Campus program at universities, the Indonesian
education system has dynamically kept up with the times. This ensures
Indonesian education constantly improves and keeps up with the ever-changing
world. The education system, especially universities in Indonesia, has a vital
role in forming superior human resources, especially in development and social
and economic welfare. The reason is that higher education is closely related to
preparation for work. (Marlinah,
2019) .
According
to (Rahmat,
2021), Indonesia has made significant progress in education
reform, especially in equal access to higher education. This is especially true
in places like Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, where students no longer
have to travel long distances to attend University; instead, local institutions
are increasing their offerings in line with government mandates, drawing on a
variety of disciplines, including health, religion, and technology. On the
other hand, many graduates find themselves unemployed. This could be caused by
a lack of skills in the workforce, an excess of job supply relative to the
number of graduates, or new technological developments that have changed the
function of Human Resources (HR) in certain operations (Adriyanto
et al., 2020).
University
graduates are expected to have a strong understanding of general and specific
problem-solving abilities and the ability to adapt to new situations and
changes. This is outlined in Article 18, paragraph (9) letter A Permendikbudristek
number 53 of 2023, which regulates the main competencies of study programs.
However, the graduate scheme is based on the final assignment (SKRIPSI), which
has several improvements. This includes a lack of role models and a long
process in the research stage, the assumption that the thesis only fulfills the
requirements without truly understanding them, and the tendency for cases
raised during writing to become repetitive or repetitive. Students who have
completed this final assignment are considered capable of obtaining a degree
and ready to enter the world of work. Reality shows that many education
graduates still need to be accommodated in the world of work. Their numbers
tend to increase from year to year. The increase in employment opportunities is
relatively minor compared to the increase in university graduates yearly. The
job opportunities available each year are around 300-400 thousand. Meanwhile,
there are around 1.2 million college graduates every year. The slight increase
in employment opportunities is closely related to the economic growth rate,
which ranges from 5% to 7% (Handayani,
2015).
Earning
a college degree will facilitate problem-solving. As part of its mission,
education can allow every student to think and behave exploratively, constantly
seeking further information (Mariati,
2021). This process must also encourage creativity and innovation
capabilities and foster disciplined, efficient, and productive work habits. In
this way, they are expected to be able to work independently or create their
jobs. Seeing that phenomena like this continue to occur, policymakers should
make severe and structured movements. Education in Indonesia, especially
significantly higher education, faces a new era of change that includes
administration, mechanisms, and theory. This provision is contained in the
Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology
(Permendikbudristek) Number 53 of 2023 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher
Education. The main point of the new regulations is a form of simplification
that still guarantees superior quality of human resources (HR) and brings
development. This action also provides more expansive space for higher education
institutions, especially regarding graduate competency standards. Higher
education institutions can set graduation standards according to the agency's
or region's quality needs.
Since
"Independent Campus" has exciting programs such as MSIB, Independent
Study, Independent Entrepreneurship, Teaching Campus, etc. Effective strategies
must continue to be developed along with rapid development, focusing on the
primary education segment. Furthermore, the Final Assignment section also began
to experience educational transformation, which initially only focused on
scientific research (Thesis) and has now developed into various types of
prototypes, projects, or other similar forms of final assignments. Alternative
forms include Collaborative Projects, Portfolios, Internships and practical
fields, Product prototypes, and Scientific Publications (Hasan
et al., 2023). Regarding this provision, it is
stated in Article 18 Paragraph 9 of Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023, which
states that study programs in undergraduate or applied graduate programs ensure
the achievement of graduate competencies through the provision of final
assignments, which can be in the form of a thesis, prototype, project, or other
similar form of final assignment. Individually or in groups, implementing a
project-based curriculum or other similar forms of learning and assessments can
demonstrate the achievement of graduate competencies (Sanusi
et al., 2023).
This
significant change not only provides benefits for students but also strengthens
the quality of higher education in Indonesia. With the new ministerial
regulation, it is hoped that it can provide a more transparent legal umbrella
regarding this policy to support innovation and diversity in the learning
process in higher education. The Minister of Education, Culture, Research and
Technology, who formalized this regulation, said that this step was in line
with the government's vision to advance the quality of higher education and
increase the competitiveness of graduates at national and international levels.
Giving students more choices in determining their final assignments is hoped to
create graduates better prepared to face challenges in the real world. Apart
from that, it is also believed that this policy can support industry and
innovation in Indonesia because students will have more opportunities to be
involved in practical projects that can contribute to the country's
technological and economic development. This is a positive step towards more
diverse, inclusive, and adaptive higher education in Indonesia.
After
the researcher understood the research concept, the researcher realized that
there was a form of simplification outlined in this policy: diversity became
the essence of each higher education institution having the freedom to set
graduation standards according to the agency's or region's quality needs. The
main point in the new regulations is a form of simplification that still
guarantees superior quality of human resources and brings development. This
action also provides more expansive space for higher education, especially
regarding graduate competency standards.
After
the issuance of Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
Regulation No. 53 of 2023, which aims to guarantee the quality of higher
education, the 26th Independent Learning Episode, Transformation of National
Standards and Accreditation of Higher Education, was launched by Nadiem Anwar
Makarim, minister of education, culture, research and technology
(Mendikbudristek) on 29/08/2023 regarding Quality Assurance in Higher Education
stated the following "National Standards for Higher Education have now
become simpler. Simplification of regulations occurs in the scope of standards,
graduate competency standards, and learning and assessment process standards so
that universities can focus more on improving the quality of the tri dharma of
higher education."
Through
the implementation stage, a policy that has been formulated certainly has goals
or targets that must be achieved. The definition of policy implementation is an
action carried out by stakeholders, whether individually, in groups, or
agencies, to achieve the goals as formulated. The implementation process will
only begin when the goals and suggestions have been determined. Then, the
program was prepared (Sos,
2020). The stipulation of Article 18 Paragraph 9 of
Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023 opens official implementation activities for
higher education institutions under it. Sumbawa Regency has several private
universities, some based on Technology, Health, Religion, and General Affairs.
Each of these universities certainly has different academic standards.
Communication
is one element that significantly influences a good implementation process.
Where the communication process is appropriate, and the content of the message
is good. The implementers and students channel the approach or form of
communication used, which impacts the implementation of sound policies. There
are no facilities for communication links in all directions in an activity, so
it will be challenging to know what has been achieved and how there are
obstacles in implementing work. Communication is a source of information for
the Higher Education Technical Implementation Unit in Sumbawa Regency in
informing various policies or treatments. Communication in the policy
implementation process is intended so that the government and implementers can
understand each other, show attitudes, and respond to the policy implementation
process. Poor communication between the government and the implementers will
only create ineffective policy implementation. The benefits of implementing
good communication in the policy implementation process will also be able to
provide information and know the consequences that will occur now and in the future
so that the government and companies can determine alternative steps or plans
that can be used during the policy implementation process. This research refers
to the theory put forward by George Edwards III, which states that the success
of policy communication can be seen through transmission, clarity, and
consistency.
An
educational policy program that wants to develop and progress must be able to
channel its aims and objectives to implementers or the public as a necessity
that must be implemented. This aims to enable the public to decide to follow
policy changes and actively participate in developing these educational
institutions. Besides developing quality, educational institutions also need
productive public relations activities based on a clear vision and mission (Mundiri,
2016). To maintain relations with an agency, we can instill trust
in all parties who help the program's success. In other words, building
programs is not only done through internal parties but also requires the
participation of external parties. Then, communication can mediate between
implementers, the community, and institutions, channeling information to each
other and maintaining closeness between the two parties. The development of an
institution depends on the community. In order to achieve these goals, policy
legislators must make great efforts in planning and implementing sustainable
communication processes. This is important to face communities and institutions
with diverse characters and backgrounds.
Therefore,
adequate and appropriate communication is needed to arouse implementers'
enthusiasm to participate in the widespread policy programs issued by the
Minister of Education and Culture. Communication links are part of the planning
and management needed to achieve the desired goals (Banafaa et al., 2023). A communication is successful if both parties, namely the
sender and recipient of information, can understand each other (Lani, 2021). Therefore, the researcher intends to research the
Dimensions of Communication by Implementers of Article 18 Paragraph 9
concerning Quality Assurance in Higher Education in Regulation of the Minister
of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 53 of 2023 concerning
Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency. The background of this research is to find
out the extent and how legislators use communication in developing cooperation
with universities and linking it to communication theory. Policy implementation
theory with the communication dimension is a concept that explains how actions
or the distribution of new information can spread among members of a social
system (Giuffrida & Dittrich, 2015).
In
the context of this research, the Minister of Education and Culture acts as a
policy maker who runs programs for universities. This research aims to
understand the dimensions of communication carried out to disseminate
information about programs and influence the acceptance and adoption of
innovation by related parties, such as universities and policymakers. By
applying policy implementation theory, this research will examine the factors
influencing communication dimensions, such as communication distribution,
clarity of information, and consistency. The goal is to find out how
communication is established. Hopefully, this research can better understand
the importance of communication in building collaboration in higher education
programs. Apart from that, the results of this research can also provide input
and recommendations for legislators and other educational institutions in
improving efforts to disseminate information and expand the scope of their
programs. The assumption underlying research on communication by legislators in
implementing the latest policies with several universities in Sumbawa Regency
is that legislators need effective communication to build cooperation with
universities for programs. Good cooperation can significantly benefit
legislators and universities by improving the reputation and quality of
education and providing access to successfully disseminating other information.
The latest policies and programs at this University have made researchers
interested in conducting research with the title "Communication of
Implementers Regarding Policy Article 18 Paragraph 9 Concerning Quality
Assurance in Higher Education in the Regulation of the Minister of Education,
Culture, Research and Technology Number 53 of 2023 by Universities in Sumbawa
Regency. "
Researchers
formulated the points in this problem formulation to make finding solutions to
research problems easier so that the following steps are more focused, precise,
and successful. So, in this research, the researcher explains how communication
dimensions such as transmission, clarity, and consistency are implemented by
implementers of Article 18 Paragraph 9 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher
Education in the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research,
and Technology Number 53 of 2023 which universities in Sumbawa Regency carry
out.
Based
on the problem formulation above, this research aims to describe how the
transmission, clarity, and consistency of communication occurs for implementers
regarding Article 18 Paragraph 9 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher
Education in the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research,
and Technology Number 53 of 2023 carried out by universities in Sumbawa
Regency.
RESEARCH METHODS
Qualitative
research with a descriptive approach was employed to offer a comprehensive
understanding of the communication practices surrounding Article 18 Paragraph 9
of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation
Number 53 of 2023 by Higher Education institutions in Sumbawa Regency. This
involved data collection efforts, primarily through interviews with
implementers of the policy from three strata: Sumbawa University of Technology,
Samawa University, and Griya Husada Sumbawa Stickers, all supervised by the
Higher Education Service Institute (LLDIKTI 8). The research spanned
approximately three months, with over a month dedicated to data collection and
two months to data processing and thesis presentation, initiated from the
issuance of the research permit in October 2023.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Communication dramatically determines
the success of achieving implementation goals. Effective implementation occurs
when decision-makers already know what they are going to do. Knowledge of what
they will do can work well if communication goes well so that every policy
decision and implementation regulation must be transmitted to the appropriate
personnel department. Apart from that, the policies communicated must be
precise, accurate, and consistent. Communication is needed so that policymakers
will be more consistent in implementing every policy that will be implemented
in society. Edward III put forward three communication indicators that can be
used to measure the communication success of an implementation (Sperber et al., 2022), namely:
Transmission of
information communication Permendikbudristek
Article 18 Paragraph 9 No 53 of 2023
Communication
is one of the factors that can influence effective policy implementation,
according to George C. Edward. Communication in this research aims to adjust or
implement policies to make them more effective. Edward III (Tahir,
2014) said that it is essential for those responsible for carrying
out this communication to know that the transmission of these regulations is
accurate and correct so that students and the entire academic community can
understand.
Three
aspects of policy communication transmission, clarity, and consistency were
identified by Edward III (Tahir,
2014). In its scope, communication between Dikti 8 and the Higher
Education Technical Implementation Unit is generally carried out as letters (Kemal & Rosyidi, 2019). Letters can come from the Minister of Education and
Culture and Higher Education, which are then sent to higher education
institutions below, known as vertical downward communication, which flows from
top to bottom. Correspondence from the Minister of Education and Culture and
Higher Education, which is then sent to universities, is generally used to
contain circulars and announcements, orders or assignments, requests or applications,
invitations, decisions, and so on. The smoothness of correspondence
communication can be seen from the accuracy or delay in the time a letter
reaches the intended party and the provision of feedback from the intended
party. Information is transmitted from leaders to policymakers and then
transmitted to students to meet clear indicators that it becomes consistent for
universities in Sumbawa Regency by the Regulation of the Minister of Education,
Culture, Research, and Technology Article 18 Paragraph 9 No 53 of 2023.
However, the clarity of this transmission can affect the consistency of
implementation.
As
Chairul Hudaya said in an interview with researchers as follows: "UTS is a pioneering university, where
I, myself as the Chancellor of UTS, was a resource person together with the
Minister at that time when the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation
number 53 of 2023 was launched, as a resource person and of course the person
who knew the most because I received the information first that this Minister
of Education and Culture Regulation would come out and I "I already know
what the leaks are, I was also asked for a response by the Ministry of
Education and Culture regarding the UTS response."
In
contrast to Chairul Hudaya, Syahdi Master said the opposite: "So far, we tend to wait first for
clarity. We are worried that we will make rules, but they will not necessarily
comply, so it is better to wait. The obstacle so far is that we need to
understand what a prototype is. The rules in the minister's presentation are
that a prototype makes a new frame but has yet to be validated. So, he only
makes it based on theory. For example, he makes a lawn mower; if based on that,
it means he only makes a prototype even though it has not been tested. That is
explained in the ministerial regulations, but to what extent the prototype in
question is, we have yet to determine. "We do not know that far yet;
looking at the new period since its publication, perhaps there will be further
information from the regional government regarding this matter; until now, we
are still waiting."
Responding
to the same thing, informant Desy Fadhillah said: " Regarding the policy of Permendikbudristek 53 on 18 August 2023, we
already know about it, and we are studying it, so the points in it, such as
Article 18 Paragraph 9 in question, have not been implemented, it is possible
that next year it could be implemented, but at this time we are still referring
to the curriculum because if we implement a ministerial regulation like that,
we have to review it again to see whether it is urgent to carry it out or not.
So far, we have only reached the stage
where we know about the update and will discuss it in the academic senate; only
after that will we prepare guidelines and distribute them to the respective
faculties and study programs. �
After
conducting research by interviewing resource persons who are technical
implementers from each University and supported by examining existing
correspondence documents, no general letters were received in the flow of
correspondence between the Minister of Education and Culture and Higher
Education wh, which were then sent to the University, in Sumbawa Regency.
The
implementers found out about this policy through the amendments in the 2023
Minister of Education and Culture Regulation or by watching directly/indirectly
the launch of the Merdeka Belajar episode on the Minister of Education and
Culture's YouTube channel. There is a difference in the weight of information
received by implementers due to the unevenness or lack of centralized
distribution of information. The distribution of information regarding the form
of the scheme referred to in the policy is not yet known in detail so that the
implementers are still waiting for further socialization or counseling actions
carried out by legislators to the Higher Education Technical Implementation
Units under them, the implementers also do not yet understand the
implementation mechanism correctly, for this reason it is hoped that In the
future, the process of distributing information and communication can be
carried out to smaller areas and clearly so that all aspects of implementation
are easy to
understand. With this, the
researcher knows that the process of transmitting or distributing
communications from legislators carried out by the central government to the
technical UPT implementing higher education needs to go better.
Clarity of information communication
Permendikbudristek Article 18 Paragraph 9 No 53 of 2023
A
policy can be implemented as desired, so implementation instructions must not
only be accepted by policy implementers, but also the communication must be
clear. Unclear communication messages regarding policy implementation will
encourage wrong interpretations and may even conflict with the initial message.
Effective policy implementation requires policymakers to have explicit
knowledge and skills to carry out the necessary steps. Much of the policy
clarity process is influenced by frameworks and mechanisms. A mechanism,
usually a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), exists to implement the policy.
Regular procedures (SOPs) serve as a pathway for all policy implementers to
follow, ensuring that policy objectives remain intact throughout the
implementation process. Clear communication is needed to ensure supervision and
prevent procedures from becoming too complex and cumbersome.
Clarity
of information that should be available in implementing the Regulation of the
Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Article 18 Paragraph 9
No. 53 of 2023 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher Education is well
organized and available by the Central Government, meaning that all forms and
types of information are available and provided from the highest level. The
highest level is the Ministry and the lowest is the Higher Education UPT. This
institutional availability is intended so that each institution has clarity
regarding its respective duties and authorities in implementing the Regulation
of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Article 18
Paragraph 9 No. 53 of 2023 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher Education
operationally. The clarity of the tasks and workload of each agency will make
it easier for other agencies to carry out their duties. Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP) are a necessary structural aspect of every organization.
In
this case, Chairul Hudaya, Ph. said, "The
current UTS is related to the thesis in the rector's regulations that were made
in 2020. Namely, the rector's regulations related to undergraduate programs
have stated that the final assignment is in the form of scientific writing,
thesis, and student competitions, So if the student competition has entered the
national level, it can be recognized without a thesis, it can also be
recognized by the thesis by creating a project, scientific book, business plan,
patented product, national level presentation or other final work. By the
research guidelines that apply in the faculty, if the faculty already has rules
that stipulate, yes, yes, you can. The technical rules are in the faculty; the
faculty has the authority to do and decide like that, especially for scientific
work that is at the national level; you no longer need to take a thesis but
still write in its format, such as a work report. "Things like that are
allowed to be recognized, so in essence, UTS allows final project schemes other
than theses."
"
There are many considerations that must
be formulated first regarding the points of this article. The University needs
to dissect it first, and then later, it will be formulated or included in the
general rector's regulations to be followed by the faculties and study programs
below. However, for now, we have allowed an alternative scheme. Thesis: It is
just that the official rules for adapting this policy from the University are
still being discussed and will be determined as soon as possible. "
Technical
implementers are waiting for clarity regarding the scheme; the University does
not dare to take progressive steps, considering that the understanding of the
scheme has yet to be explained in detail.
As
stated by Syahdi Mastar, "To get
there, we need first to formulate guidelines, because these regulations are
new, no new follow-up has been issued regarding what the prototype is like,
what other tasks/schemes we do not know yet, we just found out. It is limited
to just issuing candy, and there will be derivative regulations. We at this
Campus have prepared educational guidelines that adapt to this. However, they
are still temporary because we still need to learn the central government's
aims and desires. "Later, we will make an SOP when we understand the
policy clearly; of course, the SOP that will be made later will be an SOP
according to campus needs and the quality of education we have formulated ."
The
following informant, Desy Fadhilah, gave a similar statement: " Here what I understand is that with the
publication of the policy, the final scheme, which was previously a thesis, can
now be in any form, such as a report or project. We are considering feasibility
and quality assurance a lot. "The decision will be made in the academic
senate, which will, of course, be discussed; we will review this later and
decide in the senate forum first. "
The
policy implementers expressed almost the same information; from the interviews
above, it can be concluded that the clarity of communication regarding Policy
Implementation in Article 18 Paragraph 9 of the Regulation of the Minister of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher
Education in Sumbawa Regency is still not clear enough. There needs to be
immediate follow-up carried out by central institutions because if the goals
and objectives of a policy are clear and do not change, then policy
implementation can run effectively if the implementation process is carried out
with full readiness, guidance, and good communication with full responsibility.
The process of readiness, coaching, and good communication will encourage
implementers to further improve their exemplary service to targets. Based on
these findings, excellent and focused implementation of the policy of the
Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
Article 18 Paragraph 9 No. 53 of 2023 concerning Quality Assurance in Higher
Education requires clear information and good cooperation as well as regular
coordination between central institutions and the UPT below, it can be seen
From the informant's statement that he is willing to follow changes in central
institutions, it is just that the certainty of this is not yet apparent so
there is no progress action yet to be implemented.
Consistency
of information
communication Permendikbudristek Article 18 Paragraph 9 No 53 of 2023
If
policy implementation is to be practical, orders and implementation information
must be consistent. Even though the orders conveyed to policy implementers have
an element of clarity, if they are contradictory, they will not make it easier
for policy implementers to carry out their duties well. The disposition or
attitude of policymakers greatly influences consistency in implementing public
policy. Effective policy implementation requires policymakers to have the
knowledge and skills to take the necessary steps. A significant implication for
successful policy implementation is policy implementers' academic
tendencies/attitudes. When those in charge show favor towards a policy, it is a
sign that the policy has support and is likely to be carried out by the wishes
of those who make the decisions. It will be more challenging to bring policies
into action when the actions or viewpoints of those implementing them differ
from those of the decision-makers.
Policy
implementers' behavioral tendencies or characteristics play an essential role
in realizing policy implementation that aligns with the goals or targets.
Important characteristics that policy implementers must possess include honesty
and high commitment. Honesty directs implementers to remain within the program
that has been prepared. In contrast, high commitment from policy implementers
will make them always enthusiastic in carrying out their duties, authority,
functions, and responsibilities by established regulations.
Chairul
Hudaya said, "As the head of the
University, I will immediately establish official regulations related to this,
which will later be used as guidelines by the faculty. Currently, together with
the team, I am discussing, following up, and formulating. Usually, we schedule
this in meetings or conferences with the academic field. UTS is a pioneering
tertiary institution, where I, as UTS rector, was a resource person together
with the minister at that time when the Minister of Education and Culture
Ministerial Regulation number 53 of 2023 was launched, as a resource person and
of course, the person who knew the most because I received the information
first that this Minister of Education and Culture Regulation would come out and
I already had it. Knowing what the leaks were, I was also asked for a response
by the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the UTS response. UTS and
the entire University academic community welcome the Minister of Education and
Culture Regulation. �
Then,
" Regarding the latest regulations
from the Minister of Education and Culture, 18 August 2023, the Campus is still
in the socialization stage. Our Campus has never once opposed anything given by
the government. I still remember when I was just appointed rector in 2020, many
campuses opposed MBKM and contradicted policy updates from the government; I
see that the reason may be because they do not understand the aims and
objectives, so they spend time and energy focusing there. Before the class of
2020 entered in September 2020, we held a series of curriculum meetings and
adjusted courses; there were new courses that adapted to current developments,
such as data science and financial literacy. "UTS will respond positively,
and as soon as possible, we will make adjustments," he continued.
When
putting policy into action, the policymaker's mindset is critical. Policy
consistency will be successful if the implementer is committed to following
directions. Failure to do so will result in an unsupportive attitude.
The
following informant, Syahdi Mastar, emphasized: "Essentially, we still use
the thesis system. "Of course, as an agency centered on LLDIKTI, our
commitment is always to follow the procedures issued and adopted by our agency
culture."
According
to researchers, policy implementers are committed to complying with current
regulations. However, it may require further outreach from central agencies
before they can begin their work, so it is essential to provide them with clear
information to take progressive action immediately. The UPT is still on standby
and does not dare to take direct action because this is important for order,
security, and public order.
Desy
Fadhillah explained: " God willing,
we will comply with the existing Ministerial Regulations. Coincidentally, we
are under the LLDIKTI institution, so we will carry it out if we are obliged.
If it needs to be reviewed, we will review it again depending on which aspects
we want to replace, what the output will be, and whether replacing the thesis
could bring progress or something."
Research
shows that universities in Sumbawa Regency follow the regulations the Minister
of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology set. This means they are
committed to providing high-quality higher education and meeting implementer
expectations. The University is responsible for ensuring that all policy
enforcement staff understand and comply with the regulations and that they will
pass this knowledge on to future students. This is an example of the response
of policy implementers who carry out their duties as directed by the center.
Due to differences in character or perspective between executives and
policymakers, the policy implementation process will be ineffective.
From
the interviews above, it can be concluded that the clarity of communication
regarding Policy Implementation in Article 18 Paragraph 9 of the Minister of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023
regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency is not yet wholly consistent,
because even though the policy orders have been contained in the Minister of
Education, Culture and Research and Technology Regulation, there needs to be
follow-up. It should be carried out as soon as possible by the central
institution because if the goals and objectives of a policy are clear and do
not change, then the policy can run effectively if the implementation process
is carried out with full readiness, guidance, and good communication with full
responsibility. The readiness, coaching, and good communication process will
encourage implementers to improve their exemplary service to targets further.
In this subpoint, the
researcher will discuss the results of research regarding the Implementation of
Policy Article 18 paragraph 9 of the Regulation of the Minister of Education,
Culture, Research, and Technology Number 53 of 2023 on Higher Education in
Sumbawa Regency which is contained in the previous subpoint, by adapting it to
the theories in focus: research, namely the implementation model of George C.
Edward III. Implementation will be effective if the policy objectives are
understood by the individuals responsible for achieving the policy objectives.
Clarity of policy objectives thus needs to be communicated appropriately with
implementers. Consistency or uniformity of objectives needs to be communicated
so that implementers know the exact objectives of the policy. Communication in
organizations is a very complex and complicated process. Besides that,
different sources of information will also give rise to different
interpretations.
For implementation to
be effective, those responsible for implementing a decision must know whether
they can do it. , All implementers must accept Policy implementation and
clearly and accurately understand the aims and objectives of the policy. If
policy implementers need clarification about what they are going to do and if they
force it, they will not get optimal results. More communication to implementors
is seriously affecting the implementation of policy Article 18, paragraph 9 of
the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number
53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency. Researchers will
describe it into 3 (three) indicators contained in policy communication factors
according to George C. Edward III. The discussion regarding these communication
factors is as follows:
In the process of
submitting Information on Policy Implementation Article 18 paragraph 9 of the
Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 53 of
2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency by the Government, the implementing
agency admitted that it had not received written and detailed technical
guidelines, this needs to be done immediately so that the policy can be
transformed in a comprehensive manner appropriate at each level of educational
unit. The implementing agencies learned about the new policy through online
media at the launch of the 26th Merdeka Belajar regarding the Transformation of
National Standards and Higher Education Accreditation. This information was
conveyed during the Vocational Fest conference and the Merdeka Belajar
Festival. Furthermore, from the presentation of data with informants, it was
stated that this had only been carried out at the study and review stage. The
delivery of information by the three universities was carried out in the form of
conveying or transmitting information from the leadership to the policy
implementers and then forwarding it to students with plans to hold meetings
with the relevant community or academic senate�clear explanation to all
implementing officers. The transmission occurs by the expression of George C.
Edward III, which states that public policy is not only conveyed to policy
implementers but also to policy target groups and other parties who have an
interest, either directly or indirectly, in the policy and with appropriate
delivery. Good.
Transmission in
policy is that those who implement decisions must be able to know what is being
done, and policy decisions and orders are followed. According to Edward III,
transmission is the first requirement for effective policy implementation,
namely that policy implementers must know what they have to do. Policy
decisions and orders must be passed on to implementers before they are
followed. Therefore, before implementers can implement a policy decision, they
must be aware that a decision has been made and an order for its implementation
has been issued.
Implementation of
socialization is also an obligation that must be carried out to ensure that
technical implementers carry out their responsibilities by regulations regarding
implementing policies. As a legislator, the Minister of Education and Culture
must provide outreach to universities directly and indirectly (via letters).
However, legislators only disseminate information by publishing the latest
policies and YouTube channel broadcasts. Policy socialization needs to be
implemented in writing by the Minister of Education and Culture, and policy
socialization is not done directly to socialize policies. The Minister of
Education and Culture should conduct direct outreach to universities so
legislators can see firsthand how to absorb this information.
This research shows
that the policy of article 18, paragraph 9 concerning guaranteeing the quality
of higher education in Permendikbudristek number 53 of 2023 transmitted by legislators
to higher education technical implementation units still needs to be improved.
The policy of Article 18, paragraph 9 concerning guaranteeing the quality of
higher education in Permendikbudristek number 53 of 2023 is transmitted to
companies indirectly. Socialization still needs to be carried out. The
researcher concluded that the transmission indicators of Policy Implementation
Article 18 paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and
Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa
Regency are not good enough because the information submitted by the central
institution is not yet complete and structurally detailed to the technical
implementers below it.
b. Clarity
The clarity of Policy
Implementation of Article 18 Paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture,
Research, and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher
Education in Sumbawa Regency needs to be improved. This is because the policy
targets already know in general the existence of Policy Article 18 Paragraph 9
of Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 53 2023 Concerning Quality
Assurance in Higher Education. This happens because the implementor needs to
conduct counseling through internal visits/meetings with the UPT below. Direct
delivery is considered the most effective and correct way of carrying out
socialization that is given directly to the target or target object so that
with direct notification, technical implementing officers can directly ask
about what they still do not understand about Policy Article 18 Paragraph 9
Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 53 of 2023 concerning Quality
Assurance in Higher Education.
This is by George C.
Edward III's argument that if policies can be implemented as desired, then the
implementation instructions must not only be accepted by policy implementers,
but also the policy communication must be clear to the policy targets (Putra et al., 2018). The researcher concluded that the indicators of clarity in
the Implementation of Policy Article 18, paragraph 9 of the Minister of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023
regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency had yet to run optimally. This
can be seen from the socialization method, which is carried out indirectly so
that information is not correctly conveyed to all parties. So even though
policy implementing officers already know about this policy, many still need to
understand it fully, bearing in mind that the implementation of Policy Article
18 paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
Regulation Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency is
considered to require a relatively long time so that the targets or goals can
be indeed achieved.
As a legislator, the
Minister of Education and Culture has not socialized the policy Article 18 paragraph 9 Regulation of
the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 53 of 2023
regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency. However, the Minister of
Education and Culture Number 53 policy has officially stated it in 2023.
However, some universities still need to learn what must be implemented from
the existing policy. Hence, universities still need to implement these
policies. Legislators should monitor or supervise universities more in
absorbing information towards implementing policies. The results of this
research show that the policy of Article 18 Paragraph 9 of the Minister of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023
regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency needed to be communicated or
socialized well to universities. Universities also cannot clearly understand
the policy's final scheme policy.
Based on interviews and data related to
communication consistency in Policy Article 18, paragraph 9 of the Minister of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023,
researchers observed that it could be said that it was not good because many
implementing officers were still unclear (Berardi et al., 2021). This confuses implementing parties in the field. The
conditions that occurred did not follow George C Edward III's statement that
orders must be consistent for effective policy implementation (Kapti et al., 2019).
One factor that influences policy
implementation is the consistency of information and implementers. Policy
implementers' behavioral tendencies or characteristics play an essential role
in realizing policy implementation that aligns with the goals or targets.
Essential characteristics that policy implementers must possess include honesty
and high commitment. Based on the research data, it can be observed from the
informant's statement which states that the implementation attitude in the
Implementation of Policy Article 18 paragraph 9 of the Regulation of the
Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 53 of 2023
towards Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency is quite good.
Based on the above, the researcher
concludes that if the implementers are committed to a policy, in this case,
meaning there is support, it is likely that they will implement the policy as
desired by the policymaker (P�lzl & Treib, 2017). Likewise, suppose the behavior or perspectives of
implementers differ from those of. In that case, for decision-makers,
implementing a policy becomes increasingly tricky. However, when a policy is
implemented, there must be thorough socialization and counseling from
policymakers. Because of the implications that will occur in implementing
Policy Article 18 paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research,
and Technology Regulation Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in
Sumbawa Regency in the future if there is no direct response and socialization
by, the central institution.
Implementing a policy will run well if
the procedural information as a guide to implementing the policy that has been
made runs consistently. Implementation of Policy Implementation Article 18
paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation
Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency should be
regulated and distributed as basic work procedures or Standard Operational
Procedures (SOP). Basic work procedures or standard operating procedures (SOP)
are needed in implementing a policy. Basic work procedures are procedures or
standards that are used as a reference in implementing a policy. With basic
work procedures, policy implementation can be done by previously established
plans. This was stated by George C. Edward III, who said that by using SOP,
implementers can utilize the available time and standardize the actions of
implementers within the organization to achieve information consistency.
In general, the desired hope is clarity
through more outreach or counseling for universities in the Sumbawa Regency.
Based on the informant's explanation, this can be done using standard operating
procedures as technical policy implementation guidelines. The consistency of
information from the highest level, namely the central institution, to the
lowest level, namely the Higher Education UPT, means that each appointed
institution has its duties and authority in implementing the Policy Regulations
Article 18 Paragraph 9 of Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 53
of 2023. The clarity of tasks and workload from central institutions makes it
easier for the UPTs below them to carry out their duties and implement actions
to become uniform and consistent.
Inhibiting
factors and supporting factors
Implementing Policy Article 18,
paragraph 9 of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
Regulation Number 53 of 2023 regarding Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency is a
form of policy to facilitate and simplify the final graduate scheme for
students. In achieving successful implementation of these services, there are
certainly supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Policy
Article 18 Paragraph 9 of Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023 concerning Quality
Assurance in Higher Education as follows:
As stated by informants in this
research, the supporting factor for communicating this regulation to the public
is the availability of organizing parties to review, study, formulate, and
translate the policy at the University. Apart from that, consistency and
commitment guarantee that the higher education organizing unit is willing to
follow the direction of the central institution in implementing policies. The
inhibiting factor is delivering information, which is carried out indirectly
through socialization or counseling. The
effectiveness of implementing this policy is supported by the excellent
attitude of its implementers so that it can speed up policy implementation. On
the other hand, the need for more explanation regarding the new scheme in the
policy hampers the implementation process. The inhibiting factor is the need
for coordination in information delivery from central institutions to technical
implementation units. Consistent delivery of information needs to be made so
that policy implementation stays consistent with the policy goals and
objectives.
CONCLUSION
Based
on the research results that have been described, it can be concluded that the
communication dimension in the Implementation of Policy Article 18, paragraph 9
of the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and
Technology Number 53 of 2023 concerning Higher Education in Sumbawa Regency in
the transmission carried out by policy implementers in providing information
has been carried out. However, its implementation still needs to run entirely
optimally. This can be seen from the uneven distribution of information to
technical implementers. The provision of information could have been better;
the central institution has yet to reach the targets or target objects directly
in the form of technical implementing UPTs. Meanwhile, also related to the
clarity of communication information, academic parties at the University are
waiting while studying the aims and objectives of the policy. This is proven by
the actions of implementers who are only at the stage of studying and planning
discussions with the academic senate. In this case, policy implementers are
always ready and responsible for implementing the regulations issued as
expected by instructions from the center. The attitude of implementing
activities is required to cooperate reasonably with related agencies, and
research informants are also committed to implementing policies according to
central institutions' direction. This is because the existing system can run
systematically or by the rules; basically, this is left entirely to the
University and the respective faculties. Since the aim of making policies is to
adapt to the standard needs of study programs, the policy-implementing units
need to understand the concept fully, so implementation has yet to be carried
out.
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