THE
EFFECT OF BEAUTY VLOGGERS AS CELEBRITY ENDORSER AND LIFESTYLE TOWARDS PURCHASE
DECISION MEDIATED BY PURCHASE INTENTION (Study on Consumers of Scarlett Brand
Product in Bekasi Regency)
Ivani Khairunnisa1, Taufiqurrahman2,
Tengku Firli Musfar2
Faculty of Economics and Business,
University of Riau
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
Received: |
05-09-2022 |
This
study aims to determine the effects of beauty vloggers as celebrity endorser
and lifestyle to purchase decision through purchase intention. The population
in this study is consumers of Scarlett brand product whose age 15-34 yeas old also domiciled in Bekasi Regency. Primary data
was collected by questionnaire as an instrument to prove the results of the
research, to test the hypothesis in this studyis
using path analysis with Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) 20.
The sampling method used a non-probability sampling method with a purposive
sampling technique (125 people). The result shown that beauty vloggers as
celebrity endorser and lifestyle partially have positive significant effect
to purchase intention of Scarlett Brand Product, beauty vloggers as celebrity
endorser has an effect but not significant positive to purchase decision of
Scarlett Brand Product, lifestyle has positive and significant effect to
purchase decision of Scarlett Brand Product, beauty vloggers and lifestyle
partially effect to purchase decision through purchase intention of Scarlett
Brand Product, and purchase intention has significant and positive effect to
purchase decision of Scarlett Brand Product. |
|
Accepted: |
15-09-2022 |
|
|
Published: |
20-09-2022 |
|
|
Keywords: |
Celebrity Endorser; Lifestyle; Purchase Intention;
Purchase Decision. |
|
Corresponding Author: Ivani Khairunnisa�
E-mail:
[email protected]
PENDAHULUAN
Cosmetic
industry in Indonesia is rapidly growing cause of technology development that
is getting more advanced. The result of the development of technology is a
media of communication and information. The most widely used communication
media today is social media. Social media is a page or application that allows
users to engage in social networks. YouTube is the most widely used social
media by its users with vulnerable age of 16 to 64 years old in Indonesia with
a percentage of 93.8%. It also supported by the article from tekno.tempo.co
which launched a statement from datareportal.com in 2021 YouTube application
users from age range 15 to 64 years old are 93.8% of the total internet users
in Indonesia, is equivalent to 190 million people.
YouTube is
one of social media which established on February 14, 2005, is a subsidiary of
Google Inc. YouTube, which can be used by anyone and anywhere, is an
application that provides information in the form of videos and users can also
upload any video provided they already have an account. The videos that can be
viewed and uploaded to YouTube also vary, ranging from video tutorial content,
films, music video clips, video blogs or vlogs, and so on. The videos that are
uploaded by many YouTube users are video blogs or commonly called vlogs. Vlog
is a blogging activity not by writing but by using video. The vlogers will talk in front of the camera spontaneously
about their activities or the things that interest them and are interested in
them. The creators of vlogs themselves are called vloggers. (Sources:
kompasiana.com). Vloggers are currently widely used as a profession by their
fans, one of which is a beauty vlogger. According to journal.sociolla.com,
Beauty Vlogger is a term for people who create beauty content in the form of
videos and are usually uploaded to social media such as Instagram and YouTube.
The content of this beauty content is also diverse, according to Cantika.com,
beauty content includes Make-up tutorials, reviewing beauty products
(cosmetics, etc.) both new and old products, following famous make-up artists,
making Make-up tutorials according to your needs. with the vibes that are being
celebrated (Eid, Christmas, New Year, etc.) and raise social issues related to
the world of beauty.
Not only
making money, Beauty Vloggers can also influence the audience, that's why
Beauty Vloggers are included in the Influencer category. Beauty Vloggers can
influence their audience to buy the cosmetic products (skin care, body care,
hair care, lipstick, powder, and so on) that they use. According to
print.kompas.com, beauty industry companies have started to use beauty vloggers
as celebrity endorsers who promote their products using beauty vlogs as a
media. Information with the vlog model tends to be more effective than
advertisements that only use narrative or video styles.
Nowadays,
almost anywhere we can buy cosmetic products, apart from necessity, of course
also because of curiousity that arises from easy
access to share information. The need, use and benefit from cosmetic uses are
generally used to make the human body look different (Kompas.com). This encourage local beauty companies to always innovate and
offer attractive products at affordable prices and also have good quality,
that�s why the local cosmetic industry in the country increased by 153
companies in 2017, and as of 2018 the number reached 760 companies (souce: www.kemenperin.go.id 2018).
Not only encouranging cosmetic or beauty products companies,
technological developments in information facilities also affecting to purchase
intention, this conveyed by Siswanto et al. (2019) that social media, which
is one of the products of the development of technology and information, can be
used as a means of advertising because through the use of social media it can
encourage the formation of purchase intention. In addition
the purchase of cosmetic or skin care products has also been facilitated by
selling them online through e-commerce and creating the convenience of shopping
online for this category (source: Compas.go.id).
Table 1. 10 Best Selling Local Skin Care
Brands in E-commerce Period February 1-18 2021 at Shopee and Tokopedia
|
Brand |
Sales (Billion) |
|
MS Glow |
38,5 |
|
Scarlett |
17,7 |
|
Somethinc |
8,1 |
|
Avoskin |
5,9 |
|
Wardah |
5,3 |
|
White Lab |
3,1 |
|
Bio Beauty Lab |
2,6 |
|
Emina |
2,1 |
|
Elshe Skin |
1,8 |
|
Everwhite |
1,05 |
Source: https://compas.co.id/article/brand-skincare-lokal-terlaris/
Based on Table.1, local skin care products that
became the 10 best-selling brands in e-commerce Shopee and Tokopedia for the
period 1-18 February 2021 according to Compas.co.id include MS Glow, Scarlett, Somethinc, Avoskin, Wardah, White Lab, Bio Beauty Lab, Emina,
Elshe Skin and Everwhite.
In
deciding which beauty product brand to research, the researcher conducted a
survey of 52 random respondents conducted in June 2021. Scarlett has the
highest number of users, which is 36%. Scarlett, a local beauty product owned
by PT. Opto Lumbung Sejahtera and was founded in
2017. The products offered by Scarlett are used daily for body, face and hair
care and have been approved by the Republic of Indonesia�s Food and Drug
Supervisory Agency (BPOMRI). Scarlett Official does not runs
the business by offline store, but many individuals have become resellers of
Scarlett products.
Scarlett
also have reviewed and got testimonies by many beauty vloggers. Because of the
online system that Scarlett has implemented for both sales and marketing,
Scarlett products can be purchased and used by people from various regions, one
of which is Bekasi Regency.
Bekasi
Regency is a district in West Java Province. The one of the 26 regencies/cities
in West Java Province which has a fairly high level of economic growth, which
is above the national average of 6% per year in the period 2006-2011. Then the
accessibility & strategic geographical location with growth centers such as
DKI Jakarta, Bogor City & Bekasi City, makes the people of Bekasi Regency
have characteristics called Religious and Superior. Religious and Superior
Society is a society that has the character and quality of high faith, so that
a convergent understanding of a superior religious community is a society that
believes and is devoted to God Almighty. With the characteristics of Physical
(healthy & skilled), Intellectual (intelligent, creative and innovative)
Emotional (independent, cultured and democratic), Spiritual (faithful and
noble). Then people of Bekasi Regency also experienced changes to a more
consumptive lifestyle.
Table 2. Percentage of Population by
Monthly Per capita Expenditure Group in Bekasi Regency, in 2019 & 2020

This can
be seen in the increasing percentage of the population according to the highest
category of expenditure (> IDR 1,500,000,-) per
capita per month in Bekasi Regency in 2019 and 2020. It can be concluded that
the people of Bekasi Regency are able to follow trends and technological
developments that occur in Indonesia.
Based on
the explanation above, researcher decided to use Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity
Endorser and Lifestyles as independent variables. Researchers choose those
variables because the different situations and conditions of each consumer are
different and cause different perspectives in determining decisions, one of
which is purchasing decisions. Then, the researcher decides on the purchase
decision of the Scarlett Brand Product as the dependent variable, and purchase
intention as the intervening variable.
Also,
there are researcher gap between some research. Roisah
& Al-biru (2021) research entitles �Pengaruh Beauty Vlogger sebagai
Celebrity Endorser terhadap Minat
Beli (Survey pada viewer YouTube Pixy Make It Glow akun Tasya Farasya
di Kota Bandung)� shows that Beauty Vlogger as Celebrity Endorser has a
positive and significant influence in Purchase Intention. Medinna
& Hasbi (2020) entitled �Pengaruh
Brand Credibility, Brand Personality, dan Endorsement Beauty Vlogger terhadap Purchase Intention dengan
Brand Image sebagai Variabel
Intervening (Studi Kasus
pada Konsumen Produk Make
Over Bandung)� shows that Endorsement Beauty Vlogger has an effect but not
significant influence on Purchase Intention.
Amin
& Yanti (2021) entitled � The
Effect of Brand Ambassador, E-WOM, Lifestyle, Country of Origin and Motivation
on the Purchase Korean Skincare Products Nature Republic� shows that Lifestyle
has a significant positive influence toward Purchase Decision. Antonia & Lutfie (2018) entitled �The Influence of Lifestyle and Electronis Word Of Mouth through Youtube Beauty Vlog to La Tulipe Cosmetiques Lipstick Purchasing Decision in 2018� shows
that Lifestyle has an effect but not significantly positive towards Purchase
Decision.
Eka &
Hamdiani (2017) entitled �Pengaruh
Customer Value terhadap Purchase Decision melalui Beauty Blogger di Youtube
(Studi pada Pelanggan Kosmetik Local Brand di Sumatera Selatan)� shows that
Beauty Blogger in Youtube has a significant positive
influence towards Purchase Decision. Malini (2021) entitled �The Influence of
Beauty Vloggers, Brand Image, Product Quality on Lipstick Purchase Decisions�
shows Beauty Vloggers has an effect but not significantly positive towards
Purchase Decision.
From the
explanation that has been stated, the author tries to conduct a study with the
title "The Effect of Beauty
Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser and Lifestyles towards Purchase Decision
mediated by Purchase Intention (Study on Consumers of Scarlett Brand Products
in Bekasi Regency)."
According to the American Marketing
Association (AMA) in Kotler and Keller (2016) marketing is a set of activities
and processes by an institution in creating, delivering, and exchanging
offerings that have value for consumers, clients, partners, and society at
large. Kotler and Keller (2016) also define that marketing is an organizational
function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, delivering value
to customers, and managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the
organization and its stakeholders.
According to Firmansyah
(2019), consumer behavior is an activity that is closely related to the process
of buying an item or service. Consumer behavior is the things that underlie and
make consumers to make purchasing decisions.
Kotler and Keller (2012) define consumer
behavior as the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations choose,
buy, use, and utilize goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their
needs and wants.
According to Widodo and Mawardi (2017) beauty vlogger is person who making and
uploading video about beauty such as skincare, makeup, or other make up tools.
METODE
PENELITIAN
Location
This
research was conducted in Bekasi Regency, West Java Province with the object of
research are users or someone who has used Scarlett Brand Products.
Population
and Sample
The
population of this research are people with aged 15-34 years old, have ever
watch beauty vlogger content, have ever using Scarlett Brand Product and
domiciled in Bekasi Regency.
The sample calculation is
based on the Lemeshow formula as follows:

Based on
calculation above, the number of samples minimum is 96. Researcher use 125
respondents.
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Validity
test
According
to Arikunto (2013), validity is a measure that shows
the levels of validity or validity of an instrument. The validity test is to
determine the level of validity of the instrument (questionnaire) used in data
collection.
Reliability
Test
According
to Arikunto (2013), reliability refers to an
understanding that the instrument is reliable enough to be used as a data
collection tool because the instrument is good.
Test
of Classic Assumption
Heteroscedasticity
test, this is needed to
find out whether the absolute residual value of all observations of the
regression model is the same.
Multicollinearity
test was carried out to
see whether there was a linear relationship between one independent variable
and the other independent variables.
Normality
test, to test whether the
dependent and independent variables are normally distributed.
Test
of Hypothesis
T
Test
This test
is used to determine whether each independent variable independently
significantly influences the dependent variable.
Coefficient
of Determination
Based on
the results of the multiple regression, it can then be analyzed the coefficient
of determination (R^2), namely the coefficient of partial determination to
measure separately the impact of the independent variable (X1 & X2) on the
dependent variable (Y1 & Y2), with the help of the SPSS 20 program on
computers.
Path
Analysis
According
to Ghozali (2013), path analysis is an extension of
multiple linear analysis, or the use of regression analysis to determine
causality between variables that have been previously determined based on
theory.
HASIL
DAN PEMBAHASAN
Validity
Test Results
The
criteria which used in this validity test is df= N �
2 (125 � 2 = 123) with the value of significant is 5% (0,05). From the df (123) and the value of significant (0,05) can concluded
the r table which used in this research is 0,175. If r count > r table, can
be said the item of instrument is valid, vice versa if r count < r table, it
can be said the item of instrument is not valid
Table 3. Validity Test Results
|
Variable |
Instrument |
R count |
R table |
Description |
|
Beauty Vloggers as
Celebrity Endorser (X1) |
X1.1 |
0,712 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
X1.2 |
0,744 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.3 |
0,834 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.4 |
0,736 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.5 |
0,755 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.6 |
0,779 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.7 |
0,747 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X1.8 |
0,687 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Lifestyle (X2) |
X2.1 |
0,835 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
X2.2 |
0,847 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X2.3 |
0,866 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
X2.4 |
0,904 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Purchase Intention (Y1) |
Y1.1 |
0,841 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
Y1.2 |
0,859 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Y1.3 |
0,918 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Y1.4 |
0,896 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Purchase Decision (Y2) |
Y2.1 |
0,785 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
Y2.2 |
0,849 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Y2.3 |
0,783 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Y2.4 |
0,885 |
0,175 |
Valid |
|
|
Y2.5 |
0,727 |
0,175 |
Valid |
Sources: Processed by Researcher with SPSS
20
All of the
instruments have R count > R table, it means all of the instruments can
declared to be valid.
Reliability
Test Results
If the
value of Cronbach Alpha > 0,6 the the
questionnaire declared reliable or consistent.
Table 4. Reliability Test Results
|
Variable |
Cronbach Alpha |
Critical Value |
Description |
|
Beauty Voggers as Celebrity Endorser (X1) |
0,886 |
0,6 |
Reliable |
|
Lifestyle (X2) |
0,882 |
0,6 |
Reliable |
|
Purchase Intention (Y1) |
0,899 |
0,6 |
Reliable |
|
Purchase Decision (Y2) |
0,862 |
0,6 |
Reliable |
Sources: Processed by Researcher with SPSS
20
Classic
Assumption Test
Normality tests in this research are
normal P-P plot and NPar test or one-sample
Kolmogorov Smirnov.

Figure 2. Normality Test
(P-plot) Step 1
Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20

Figure 3. Normality Test
(P-plot) Step 2
Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20
shows that the point spread around the
line and follow a diagonal line, it can be concluded that the data for step 1
and step 2 are normally distributed.
Kolmogorov
Smirnov
Table 5. Normality Test
(Kolmogorov Smirnov) Step 1

Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20
Table 6. Normality Test
(Kolmogorov Smirnov) Step 2

Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20
Based on table of normality test of
Kolmogorov Smirnov above, known that the value of significant normality test (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)). If the value of significant >
0,05 can be declared the data of Step 1 and Step 2 are normally distribute.
Multicolonierity
Test
Multicolonierity can be seen if the value Variance
Inflation Factor (VIF) < 10 dan the value of tolerance > 0,10, then there
is no symptoms of multicolonierity
Table 7. Multicolonierity Test Step 1

Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20
Table 8. Multicolonierity Test Step 2

Sources: Processed by Researcher with SPSS
20
Based on tables
above, known that the value of VIF from each independent variables (step 1 and
step 2) are less than 10 (<10) and the tolerance are more than 0,10
(>0,10). It can be concluded there are no symptoms of multicolllinearity
in this case.
Heteroscedasticity Test
The result
of heteroscedasticity test is based on the certain pattern. If there is a certain patters, such as the dots that exist form a certain
regular pattern (wavy, wide, then narrows), it can be indicates that it has
happened heteroscedasticity, vice versa if there is no clear pattern, as well
as the points spread in above and below 0 on the Y axis there is no
heteroscedasticity.

Figure 4. Heteroscedasticity Test Step 1
Sources: Processed by Researcher with SPSS
20

Figure 5. Heteroscedasticity Test Step 2
Sources: Processed by Researcher with SPSS
20
Based on
the data distributed on scatterplot above, its shows that the dots are not like
pattern (wavy, wide, or narrows). It can be concluded that there is no symptoms of heteroscedasticity in step 1 and Step 2.
Hypothesis
Test
t-test
Step 1
Table 9. t-test Results
Step 1

Sources:
Processed by Researcher by SPSS 20 (2022)
Table 10. Coefficient of
Determinant Test (R^2) Step 1

Sources:
Processed by Researcher by SPSS 20 (2022)
Based on table of the result of
determination coefficient test step 1, shown that the number of determination
coefficient is 0,718. It means the ability of independent variables such as
Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser and Lifestyle towards the dependent
variable, Purchase Intention is 71,8%. While the remaining 28,2% is influenced
by other variables that are not included in this research.
Structural
Equation Step 1:
Y1 = ρy1x1 X1 + ρy1x2 X2 +
ρy1ѐ1
Y1 = 0,183 X1 + 0,723 X2 + 0,282ѐ1
t-test Step 2
Table 11. t-test Results
Step 2

Sources:
Processed by Researcher by SPSS 20 (2022)
Table 12. Coeffecient of Determinant Test (R2) Step 2

Sources:
Processed by Researcher by SPSS 20 (2022)
Based on table of the result of
determination coefficient step 2, it can be seen that the number of
determination coefficient is 0,594. It means the ability of independent
variables such as Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser, Lifestyle, and
Purchase Intention towards the dependent variable, Purchase Decision is 59,4%.
While the remining 40,6% is influenced by other variables that are not included
in this research.
Structural
Equation Step 2
Y2 = ρy2x1 X1 + ρy2x2 X2 +
ρy2y1 Y1 + ρy2ѐ2
Y2 = 0,058 X1 + 0,221 X2 + 0,543 Y1 +
0,406ѐ2
Path
Analysis

Figure 6. Path Analysis
Results
Sources: Processed by Researcher with
SPSS 20 (2022)

Table 13. Path Analysis
Results
|
Variable |
Path
Coefficient |
Total |
|
|
Direct
Effect |
Indirect
Effect |
||
|
X1 > Y1 |
0,183 |
- |
0,183 |
|
X2 > Y1 |
0,723 |
- |
0,723 |
|
X1 > Y2 |
0,058 |
- |
0,058 |
|
X2 > Y2 |
0,221 |
- |
0,221 |
|
X1 > Y1 > Y2 |
0,058 |
0,099 |
0,157 |
|
X2 > Y1 > Y2 |
0,221 |
0,392 |
0,613 |
|
Y1 > Y2 |
0,543 |
- |
0,543 |
Sources:
Processed by Researcher with SPSS 20 (2022)
Based on table above, the direct effect
and indirect effect can be describe as follows:
Discussions
The
Effect of Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser towards Purchase Intention
The result of this study shows that
Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser has a significant positive effect towards
Purchase Intention of Scarlett�s Brand Product Consumers in Bekasi Regency. The
result of this study is in line with research conducted by Roisah
& Al-Biru (2021) that Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity
Endorser has a significant positive effect towards Purchase Intention. It means
the higher of endorsement from beauty vloggers will increase the intention to
purchasing Scarlett Brand Product in Bekasi Regency.
The
Effect of Lifestyle towards Purchase Intention
The result of this study is in line
with research conducted by Kusuma & Marom (2020)
that Lifestyle has a significant positive effect towards Purchase Intention. It
means the higher lifestyle will increase the intention to purchasing Scarlett Brand
Product in Bekasi Regency.
The
Effect of Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser towards Purchase Decision
The result of this study is Beauty
Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser has an effect but not significant positive
towards Purchasing Decision of Scarlett�s Brand Products Consumers in Bekasi
Regency. This result is in line with research conducted by Malini (2021) that
Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser has an effect but not significant
positive towards Purchase Decision. It means make Beauty Vloggers as� Celebrity Endorser
has an effect but not significantly positive towards purchasing decisions for
Scarlett Brand products in Bekasi Regency.
The
Effect of Lifestyle towards Purchase Decision
The result of this study is Lifestyle
has a significant positive effect towards Purchase Decision of Scarlett�s Brand
Products consumers in Bekasi Regency. This result is in line with research
conducted by Amin & Yanti (2021) that Lifestyle
has a significant positive effect towards Purchase Decision. It means the higher
lifestyle will increase the decision of purchasing Scarlett Brand Products in
Bekasi Regency.
The
Effect of Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser toward Purchase Decision
through Purchase Intention
The result of this research by direct
effect (0,058) < indirect effect (0,099). It means purchase intention able
to mediating beauty vloggers as celebrity endorser towards purchase decision of
Scarlett brand products consumers in Bekasi Regency. The result of this study
is in line with research conducted by Pratika, et al
(2020) that Beauty Vloggers as Celebrity Endorser has a significant positive
effect towards Purchase Decision through Purchase Intention.
The
Effect of Lifestyle towards Purchase Decision through Purchase Intention
The result of this research by direct
effect (0,221) < indirect effect (0,392). It means purchase intention able
to mediating lifestyle towards purchse decision of
Scarlett�s brand product consumers in Bekasi Regency. The result of this study
is in line with research conducted by Patricia & Widiartanto
(2020) that Lifestyle has a significant positive effect towards Purchase
Decision through Purchase Intention.
The
Effect of Purchase Intention towards Purchase Decision
The
result of this study shows that purchase intention has a significant positive
towards purchase decision of Scarlett brand product consumers in Bekasi
Regency. This study result is in line with research conducted by Anggraini (2022) that Purchase Intention has a significant
positive effect towards Purchase Decision. It can be concluded that if the
purchase intention is higher, then the purchase decision also will be higher
KESIMPULAN
BIBLIOGRAFI
Amri, S., & Prihandono,
D. (2019). Influence lifestyle, consumer ethnocentrism, product quality on purchase
decision through purchase intention. Management Analysis Journal, 8(1), 25-38.
Arikunto, Suharsimi.
2013. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Cetakan Kelimabelas. PT Rineka Cipta: Jakarta
Arum Sutrisni
Putri., Apa itu Kosmetik?,
https://kompas.com/, 18 Juni 2021 pada jam 15.04 WIB
Astari., Tips Membuat
Konten Kecantikan yang Menarik di YouTube, https://cantika.com/, accessed in June
4th 2021 at 14.56 WIB
Azzahra, F., Parlyna,
R., & Saidani, B. (2021). The Influence Of Lifestyle And Promotion On Purchasing Desicion
Of Local Cosmetic Products On Student In Jabodetabek.
International Journal of Current Economics & Business Ventures, 1(2).
Badan Pusat Statistik
Kabupaten Bekasi, http://bekasikab.bps.go.id,
accessed in June 25th 2021 at 16.56 WIB
Compas., 10 Brand Skincare Lokal Terlaris di Marketplace,
https://compas.co.id/, accessed in June 17th 2021 at 14.19 WIB
Datareportal., Digital 2021: Indonesia., https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-indonesia.,
accessed in January 2nd 2022 at 19.43 WIB.
Firmansyah, Anang.
2019. Pemasaran: Dasar dan Konsep.
Penerbit Qiara Media:
Yogyakarta.
Investor Daily., Industri
Kosmetik Nasional Tumbuh
20%, https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/, accessed in Juni
17th 2021 at 21.53 WIB
Jesica Laurensia., Mengenal Youtube., https://www.kompasiana.com/ , accessed in March 16th 2022 at
14.24 WIB
Journal Sociolla.,
Beauty Vlogger, https://journal.sociolla.com/, accessed in Juni
5th 2021 at 21.55 WIB
Kotler, Philip and Keller, Kevin Lane.
2012. Marketing Management 13. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc
Kotler, Philip and Keller, Kevin Lane.
2016. Marketing Management. 15th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Pearson Pretice Hall
Priansa, D. J. 2017. Perilaku
Konsumen dalam Persaingan Bisnis Konmporer. Bandung, ALFABETA.
Sangadji dan Sopiah.
2013. Perilaku Konsumen.
1st ed. CV Andi Offset : Yogyakarta.
Scarlett Whitening Official Website, https://scarlettwhitening.com/ , accessed in March 25th 2022
at 23.44 WIB
Siswanto, T., Asriyal,
A., & Budiasih, Y. (2019). Analisis
Efektivitas Iklan Restoran melalui Media Sosial Daring (Online)(Studi Pada Masyarakat Di Tangerang Selatan). Liquidity,
8(1), 71-80.
Widodo, W., & Mawardi,
M. 2017. Pengaruh Beauty Vlogger terhadap
Source Characteristics Serta Dampaknya terhadap Purchase Intention. Jurnal
Administrasi Bisnis (JAB),
47(01), 63-69